قرآن و حدیث کی روشنی میں تعمیر کردار و شخصیت اور نصاب اسلامیات: ایک تنقیدی مطالعہ

Islam gives the idea of collective life and tries for human development. The basic idea of the teaching of Islam is that the individual must be true and active worker of society. He must have moral values and principles clearly. In addition, he tries constantly that a Muslim should perform saying of Allah and human rights properly. In this way, Islam tries to work on the behavior, morality, and habits of people and tries his best to properly enhance the different aspects of personality.  For this, the life of Prophet Muhammad? Is a complete code of life. The good characteristics of Muslims are considered praiseworthy that are truth, brotherhood, justice, forgiveness, the oneness of Allah and keepings. In the same way, the things which are condemned by Islam are bride, misery, theft, backbiting, telling lies, blaming others, self-centeredness, close vision, dishonesty, garrulous, greediness, showiness manners, jealousy,  un-obligation, clashes, hatred and etc. The philosophy of character building and personality development in Islam is the Muslims should avoid all bad works and develops good qualities in him as discussed before so that a Muslim should be a very useful and pious citizen of society. And we all know that education especially we can say that Islamic Education is a tool of change. So education is worthless if it does not create change in the minds of people and society. It is useless if it does not build the moral character regarding the personality development of the students. Islam tells us all about the values which are fruitful for humanity and are beneficial to human beings. For this purpose, it is necessary that we should give awareness of Islamic values to the people through Islamic education. It is only possible if the textbooks are designed according to the Islamic concept and values as well as teachers and parents play their effective role in the development of the personality of their children. Pakistan is a Muslim country and has its own religious, moral, political and social values and being a Muslim through an effective Islamic educational system, we can transfer these values to our new generation. Our curriculum is playing key role in the personality development and character building of the students or not is the main question so that this article is being written. In this article keeping in view the aims and objectives of the curriculum of Islamic Studies and following the Quranic verses and Hadith, we will try to analyze whether it is building the personality or character of students or not. After that, the conclusion and recommendations will be given keeping in view the analysis.

Isolation and Characterization of Epilithic and Endolithic Bacteria from Murree Hills and Role of These Bacteria in Mineralization and Weathering of Rocks

In this study, I focused on the isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rocks of Murree, lower Himalaya, Pakistan. Bacteria from outer and inner surface of the rocks were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphate. Three strains of bacteria were selected on the basis of halozone formation in National Botanical Research Institute for Phosphate medium (NBRIP) supplemented with TCP (tribasic calcium phosphate). The solubilization index for these bacteria was recorded as 4.29, 4.03 and 3.99. pH of the medium also dropped from the initial 7.0 to 4.0 units after 5 days of growth in liquid NBRIP medium with continuous shaking at 150 rpm. The strain P26 which is closely related to Pseudomonas species and identified as Pseudomonas putida strain (KT004384) showed maximum solubilizing activity in the given medium (161.70 mg/L) after 3 days of incubation. The other two strains P4 and N27 were identified as Pseudomonas grimontii (KT223621) and Alcaligenes faecalis (KT004385). The capability of solubilizing inorganic phosphate by these strains is attributed to the production of organic acids. The presence of these organic acids is determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Three different type of acids, gluconic, oxalic and malic acid were the dominant acids found in the culture medium. This was the first report on phosphate solubilizing (PSB) strains isolated from the rocks of lower Himalaya range Pakistan. It may be assumed that these bacteria can play a role in weathering of rocks as well.