An Analytical Study of Hazrat Abdul Rehman (RA) Ibn Samara As Conqueror of Balochistan

Hazrat Abdul Rehman (may Allah be pleased with him) belonged to Arab tribe of Quraish and was a close relative of Mohammad (peace be upon him). At the time of conquest of Makkah He (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the circle of Islam. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) who came to sub-continent specially Balochistan in order to preach for Islam and Jihad during the Khilafat of orthodox caliphs. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Balochistan twice for Jihad and conquests first during the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and second time in the early era of Hazrat Muawia (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role in the wars of Balochistan. He (may Allah be pleased with him) established Zehri his abode and capital after conquering Kalat, Khuazdar (Sajistan), Kachi, Gandhava, and Chaghi, and from here he expanded the series of his conquests till Kabul and Qandar. Besides this, he included many areas of sub-continent in the Islamic empire of conquered areas. His (may Allah be pleased with him) life is consists of great chapters of sincerity in deeds. Wisdom and valor, determination fearlessness, strife, hospitality, simplicity and patience. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the great generals of Islam had the honour to have carried the message of Holy faith in every corner of Balochistan in tough and unfavorable conditions and planted the flag of Islam in Balochistan forever.  

Fuctional Silesequioxane and Functional Graphene Oxide Based Polymer Composites: Synthesis, Characterization and Application

Incorporation of well-defined functional filler into a polymer matrix to form inorganic/organic composites with tailored properties represents new chemical feedstock advancement. In this work, functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (functional silsesquioxane) and quaternary ammonium compound immobilized metal graphene oxide (functional graphene oxide) hybrids with defined architectures were synthesized by wet chemical methods. The synthesized functional fillers were thoroughly characterized by using various techniques including electronic absorption (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman Spectroscopy, and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS). Functional silsesquioxane was incorporated into two polymer matrices, non-reactive and reactive, to achieve inorganic/organic composites. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) as non-reactive polymer matrix and poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4, 4′-oxydianiline), amic acid solution as reactive polymer matrix were used. Functional graphene oxide was incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PMMA/PEG) blend matrix to achieve inorganic/organic composite. All the composites were prepared by low cost solution casting method. The physiochemical properties of the prepared composites were examined by using different techniques. The prepared composites analysis by FTIR, XRD, TGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and SEM indicated that the functional fillers were bonded through different set of interactions including electrostatic, van der Waal and hydrogen bonding and dispersed uniformly into the polymer matrices. The prepared composites showed excellent antifouling and antibacterial performances for bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, respectively. In addition, the prepared composites performance was checked with pure water flux and gas permeability/selectivity studies. The present study would be providing advantages over existing methods to prepare nanofiller/polymer composites such as low cost, proper dispersion of fillers that would allow obtaining excellent structural, thermal, optical and surface properties of polymer nanocomposite/nanohybrids for applied water treatment and other environmental applications.