شیخ علال الفاسی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں مراکش کے مشہور مجاہد آزادی شیخ علال الفاسی کابھی ۶۴ برس کی عمر میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم امیر شکیب ارسلان کے بعد عالمِ عرب کی دوسری اہم شخصیت تھے جن میں قدرت نے علم وفضل اورصلاح وتقویٰ کے ساتھ غیرمعمولی سیاسی جدوجہد کا کمال بھی ودیعت کردیاتھا۔فاس کے باشندہ ہونے کی حیثیت سے جب وہ جامعۃ القزوین سے تعلیم پاکر فارغ ہوئے اورانھوں نے اپنے ملک کوفرانسیسی استعمار کاصیدِ زبوں پایا توانھوں نے حزب الاستقلال کے نام سے ایک انجمن قائم کی اور اپنی زندگی استخلاص وطن کے لیے وقف کردی ۔اس سلسلہ میں انھوں نے پورے ملک کادورہ کرکے عوام میں بیداری پیدا کی اور پھر افریقہ مشرقِ وسطی اوریورپ اورامریکہ کادورہ کرکے خارجی اثرات کے ذریعہ ملک کے لیے آزادی کی راہ ہموار کی۔ اس جرم کی پاداش میں وہ ایک عرصہ کے لیے جلا وطن بھی کیے گئے ۔ لیکن اُن کی جدوجہد آزادی کی رفتار میں کوئی فرق نہ ہوا۔ آخر ۱۹۵۵ء میں ملک آزادہوا اوروہ اپنے وطن واپس آگئے۔ شیخ علال عالم اسلام کے اتحاد کے بھی زبردست مبلغ اورداعی تھے اوراسی مقصد کے لیے دنیا بھر کی اسلامی کانفرنسوں میں بڑے اہتمام سے شریک ہوتے رہتے تھے۔ ہمیں بھی مرحوم سے دو مرتبہ ملاقات اور گفتگو کاشرف حاصل ہواہے۔ایک مرتبہ خاص اُن کے وطن رباط (مراکو)میں جب ۶۴ء میں راقم الحروف حکومت ہند کے وفد خیرسگالی کے ممبر کی حیثیت سے وہاں گیاتھا اوران کی پارٹی حزب الاستقلال نے نہایت شان دار ڈنر دیاتھا اور دوسری مرتبہ ایران میں جب کہ وہ شیخ طوسی کے جشنِ ہزار سالہ میں شرکت کے لیے آئے تھے۔نہایت سنجیدہ ومتین کم سخن اور باوقار شخصیت کے مالک تھے۔رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃ واسعۃ۔
[جون ۱۹۷۴ء]
Islam lays much stress on the physical, spiritual and metal health of human beings. For the spiritual wellbeing of mankind Allah sent the Prophets and revealed divine books. The process of physical cure is called Tababat. Although it stands for the physical cure but is used as a spiritual cure as well. Five different methods of cure are found in the traditions of our Prophet (SAAW) and these have been discussed in this article. Whether a person should go for remedy of disease or not, both of these views are found in Ahadith, which is apparently a contradiction. In the following article an attempt has been made toreconcile these apparently different views. The views of Islamic Scholars have also been mentioned regarding this issue. Different methods of cure remained in use in different periods of time that have also been analyzed in this article. The prohibition and permission of the use of spiritual methods of cure such as Dumm, Ta’weez and magic have also been discussed and an attempt has also been made to find the reasons of two different existing extremes in Muslim nation regarding this matter.
Quality and yield of major fruits grown in country are far below their potential despite of favorable climatic conditions. Average yield of apple orchards in Pakistan is alarmingly lower than other apple producing countries in the world. In the fruit crops, either nutrient use is below optimum or in imbalanced proportions. Micronutrient disorder along with nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium deficiencies are of economic significance in this regard. It is estimated that Fe and zinc deficiencies are widespread occurring in about 30 to 50% of cultivated soils on the world scale. Murree is the only apple growing region in the Punjab Pakistan. Geo-statistics and GIS as diagnostic norms have not been used for nutrient indexation in the apple orchards and were neglected from nutrition management point of view. A field survey was conducted to examine the spatial dependence of micronutrients and to prepare the spatial distribution maps for the micronutrients in the soils. Field trials were conducted for site specific zinc nutrition assessment. The specific objectives of study were: (i) Micronutrients indexation (zinc, copper, iron and manganese) of soil and foliage of apple orchards in Murree (ii) Mapping and geo-statistical analysis of micronutrients in apple cultivated Murree area (iii) Impact of zinc nutrition on apple yield and fruit quality parameters. One hundred and eighty soil and associated foliage samples were collected from 30 selected apple orchards using grid of 6×6 m. General deficiency of plant available zinc prevailed in the orchard soils of Murree area followed by slight Mn deficiency. Widespread deficiency of zinc existed in the foliage of apple orchards followed by site-specific deficiency of manganese, iron and copper respectively. Plant available 2 zinc, copper and manganese were moderately spatial dependant in the surface and strongly spatial dependent in the subsurface and lower soil depth whereas moderate spatial dependence of plant available Fe at three depths was observed. Moderate to strong spatial dependence allowed us to prepare the digital maps for spatial distribution of micronutrients in the area. Moderate to strong spatial dependence of plant available micronutrient indicated a need for the development of variable fertilizer (micronutrient) rate technology by conducting field trials in various zones delineated in this study. Field trials were conducted by selecting 6 apple orchards, two from each low, medium and adequate in soil zinc but low in foliage zinc content. Treatment plan included T1= Zn 0 g/ tree, T2 = Zn 20 g/ tree, T3 = Zn 30 g/ tree and T4 = Zn 40 g/ tree with the basal dose of NPK per tree. Zinc fertilizer application resulted in increase in the apple yield and yield components. Thirty gram zinc produced maximum yield in the low zinc soils while twenty gram zinc resulted in optimum yield in medium and high zinc soils. Zinc fertilization increased size, number, yield and firmness of fruit. Zinc application decreased titratable acidity and relative electrical conductivity. Significant interaction between the treatments and location manifested differential response due to native zinc content in the soils.