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Phytochemical and Biological Activity of Berberis Lycium Royle

Thesis Info

Author

Saira Khatoon Abbasi

Department

Deptt. of Plant Sciences, QAU.

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2006

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vii, 57

Subject

Plant Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Phil BIO/1675

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676718348335

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حوالہ جات

(1) حاتم ظہور الدین شیخ، دیوان زاده، مرتب پروفیسر عبد الحق (نئی دیلی: نیشنل مشن فارمین سکر پٹس)
اشاعت اول 2011، صفحہ 5
(2) توقیر احمد خان، پروفیسر ڈاکٹر قلمی مسودہ صفحہ 1
(3) حاتم ظہور الدین شیخ ،دیوان زاده، مرتب ،پروفیسر عبد الحق، صفحہ 5
(4) اقبال، کلیات اقبال اردو ،بانگ درا، والدہ مرحومہ کی یاد میں (لاہور ۔ اقبال اکادمی
پاکستان) اشاعت ششم 2004 ،صفحہ 266
(5) توقیر احمدخاں،پرو فیسر ،ڈاکٹر، قلمی مسورہ صفحہ 2
( 6) عبدالحق، پروفیسر، فکرِاقبال کی سرگذشت، ناشر، صائمہ حق، شفا حق ( جون پور:یو۔ پی۔رحمن منزل، بلوا گھا ٹ شام 1998ء) صفحہ 5
(7 ) عبد الحق، پروفیسر ،فکرِ اقبال کی سرگذشت، ناشر، صائمہ حق ، شفا حق، صفحہ4
(8) عبدالحق، پر وفیسر، عصری لغت (نئی دہلی ۔ اصیلا آفیسٹ پرنٹرز ) اشاعت دوم فروری 2006
صفحہ 5
(9) اقبال، کلیات اقبال فارسی، پیام مشرق، ساقی نامہ (لا ہور: شیخ غلام علی اینڈ سنز ) س ن ،صفحہ 285
(10) عبدالحق، پروفیسر، خط بنام ساجد ندیم، یکم جون 2014 ء
(11) عبدالحق، پروفیسر، خط بنام ساجد ندیم، یکم جون 2014 ء
(12) عبدالحق، پروفیسر، اقبال اور اقبالیات (کشمیر :سرینگر میزان پبلشر ) بار دوم 2009ء، صفحہ 3
(13) عبدالحق، پروفیسر، خط بنام ساجد ندیم، یکم جون 2014 ء
(14) اقبال کلیات اقبال اردو، بانگ درا، صفحہ 286
(15) اقبال، بکھرے خیالات، مرتبہ، ڈاکٹر جاوید اقبال مترجم پروفیسر عبدالحق ( جون پور یوپی ۔ پہاڑ پو
مچھلی شہر ) مارچ 1975 ء
(16) اقبال، کلیات اقبال اردو، بانگ درا ،نظم، التجائے مسافر صفحہ 122

 

امثال القرآن کی ضرورت واہمیت

The Qur’an is the most-read book in the world. Revealed by Allah Almighty to Prophet Muhammad, and revered by Muslims as being Allah’s Final Scripture and Testament, its words have been lovingly recited, memorized and implemented by Muslims of every nationality ever since. The Quran is also the only holy book that can be memorized in its entirety by people of all ages and intellectual abilities – including non-Arabic speakers – which Muslims consider to be one of its miracles. The Holy Quran is the source guide; the purpose of Similitude in Qur’an is to get a lesson. In each instance there is knowledge to mankind, it possesses a particular utility. Allah ta’aala has invited to all mankind to consider the Quran, as in the Holy Quran” Do they not then think deeply in the Qur'an, or are their hearts locked up (from understanding it)?”. This article explains deeply about the Importance of Similitude of Qur’an.

Studies on the Production of Alpha Amylase by Aspergillus Oryzae Using Submerged Fermentation

The present study, deals with the isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus oryzae for the alpha amylase production. Seventy eight isolates of A. oryzae were isolated from different soil samples. The strains were initially selected qualitatively on starch agar medium and screened quantitatively for enzyme production in shake flasks and a strain producing 130 ±0.1U/ml of enzyme was selected which was assigned the code IIB-30. The selected strain was subjected to physical and chemical mutagenic treatments in order to improve its amylolytic potential. During the treatments, isolates were qualitatively and quantitatively screened. Among these, EMS-18 exhibited the highest enzyme activity (347±1.2 U/ml). This mutant showed 2.6 fold increased activity over the parental strain in terms of enzyme production. The cultural conditions and nutritional requirements of the selected strains (both wild and mutant) were optimized in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks prior to scale up studies in a fermenter. Six different fermentation media were evaluated for the alpha amylase production by both wild and mutant strains of A. oryzae in shake flasks fermentation. Of all the media, M4 containing (g/l); starch 20, yeast extract 8.5, NH 4 Cl 1.3, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.12, CaCl 2 0.06 gave maximal enzyme production i.e., 168±2 (wild) and 385±2 (mutant) which was highly significant (p≤0.05). The effect of incubation temperature, initial pH, volume of media and inoculum size was investigated on the enzyme production. The optimal enzyme production was obtained at 30°C, pH 5, volume, 10 % and inoculum size 4 %, by both wild and mutant strains. The rate of fermentation was also studied and the highest yield of enzyme was obtained 72 h after inoculation.xiv Corn starch (2 %) and lactose (1.5 %) as carbon sources while, ammonium sulfate (0.3 %) and peptone (0.2 %) as nitrogen sources were also optimized. Different surfactants were added to the fermentation media and Tween 80 at the level of 0.1% was found to be the best for enzyme production. The scale up studies for alpha amylase production was carried out in a 7.5 L stirred fermenter. The rate of fermentation for enzyme production by both wild and mutant strains was investigated.) It was found that the enzyme production increased gradually and reached maximum (335 U/ml and 608 U/ml) after 64 h (wild) and 48 h (mutant). The kinetic depiction of results showed optimal fermentation period for enzyme production to be 64 h and 48 h, respectively. The other cultural conditions such as initial pH (5), aeration level (1.5 vvm), dissolved oxygen (15 %), inoculum size (10 %) and agitation intensity (200 rpm) were optimized for enzyme production. The fermented broth was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation at different saturation levels (20-90 %). The optimum level of ammonium sulfate saturation was found to be 70 % that gave 1.3 fold purification. By using Sephadex- DEAE column, the active fractions were eluted using 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.30 M NaCl at pH 7.5. The molecular weight of alpha amylase was found to be 48 kDa on SDS-PAGE after gel filtration. A total of 9.5 fold enzyme purification was accomplished. The effect of time, temperature, pH and metal ions on purified enzyme was also investigated and maximum activity was achieved after 30 min at 40oC and pH 5 in the presence of Ca+ 2 ion.