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Synthesis and Biogical Potential of Chalcones and Their Derivatives

Thesis Info

Author

Saira Yaqub

Department

Department of Biological Sciences, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

64

Subject

Biological Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss M. Phil / BIO/ 3335

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676718357006

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فرخندہ رضوی ۔۔۔ایک تعارف

فرخندہ رضوی۔۔۔ ایک تعارف
شاعری خوشبو ہے۔شاعری مہک ہے۔ شاعری دل ناز کا ترانہ ہے۔ شاعری جذبات و احساسات اور تخیل کو لفظی پہناوا پہنا کر پیش کرنے کا نام ہے۔ شاعری ایسے طلسم کدے کا نام ہے جو زمان ومکان کی قیود سے آزاد ہوتی ہے۔ شاعری محبت کا دوسرا نام ہے شاعری جذبات کے ریلے میں بہہ جانے کا نام ہے یہ سفر رواں دواں ہے اور ہمیشہ جاری و ساری رہے گا۔
شاعری کے کئی روپ ہیں کبھی یہ غزل اور کبھی نظم کی صورت میں جلوہ گر ہوتی ہے۔ کہیں رباعی اور کہیں قصیدہ کے پہناوے میں سامنے آتی ہے۔ کبھی شعلہ بن کر اور کبھی شبنم میں ڈھل کر جلوہ نما ہوتی ہے۔ کہیں عشق و محبت کے راگ الاپتی نظر آتی ہے تو کبھی آنسوؤں کی بے بس مورت کا روپ دھار لیتی ہے۔ کہیں یہ سہمی ہوئی گھٹی چیخ توکبھی انالحق کا نعرہ بن جاتی ہے تو کبھی باضابطہ مقصدِ زندگی کا اظہار بن جاتی ہے۔
موثر اور میعاری شاعری معاشرے پر گہرے مثبت اثرات مرتب کرتی ہے ہے کسی بھی شاعر کی زندگی اس کی شاعری پر کسی نہ کسی حوالے سے ضرور اثرانداز ہوتی ہے۔ شاعر اپنی زندگی کے حالات و واقعات اور اردگرد کے ماحول سے جو کچھ حاصل کرتا ہے۔ وہی سوچیں شاعری کی بنیاد بن کر سامنے آتی ہیں۔ شاعر کے خیالات اور سوچ و بچار پر سماج،گھریلو حالات، اپنوں کے رویے، خوشی اور غم،عشق و محبت، حاصل زیست اور محرومی کے اثرات کا واضح اثر ہوتا ہے۔
جہاں تک غزل اور نظم کے معیار کی بات ہے تو اس میں اسلوب اور تخیل بہت اہمیت کے حامل ہیں۔ اس حقیقت سے کوئی انکار نہیں کرسکتا کہ شعری تخلیق کے لئے خیال ہی بنیاد ہے۔ اس حوالے سے شعر لکھنے کے لیے نہیں بلکہ شعر...

دعوت الی اللہ کے اصول قرآن کی نظر میں

The word excommunication means to exclude a Muslim from prescribed boundary of Islam. Non of us have the authority of excommunicated any one from Islam except Allah almighty and his beloved prophet Mohammad (PBUH). Because the act of excluding a Muslim, belongs to the orders of Allah (the foundation of Which is Quran) and Sunnah therefore drastic care should be taken in this regard and the one and only would be called as disbeliever if confirmed in the light Quran and Sunnah. Basically any Muslim will be called as Muslim until and unless he is acting openly upon the rules and regulation of Islam. A Muslim would be considered as disbeliever if proclaimed blasphemy intestinally.

Simulating Water and Nitrogen Requirements of Maize Zea Mays L. at Different Growth Stages

Water and nitrogen (N) are the most important limiting inputs of maize (Zea mays L.) production in semi-arid environment. Irrigation regimes, N application timing and rate significantly influence maize growth and yield. To study effects of the nutrients in semiarid environment, two experiments were conducted. The crop was sown on August 1, 2009 and August 2, 2010 at the Agronomic Farm of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. The Cropping System Model (CSM) CERES-Maize was used to predict crop growth and yield under semi-arid environment. In Experiment-I, effects of times of N application were studied with five N levels (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1). In Experiment-II, effects of three irrigation regimes (normal, water deficit at vegetative and water deficit at reproductive stage) were studied with the five N levels. The times and rates of N significantly affected grain yield and the yield components. Effect of N was linear, quadratic and cubic. Results revealed that application of N at the rate of 250 kg ha-1 in three splits (at 2 leaves, 16 leaves and silking stages) produced the highest grain yield (8.38 t ha-1). At these levels maximum values of leaf area index (LAI), photosynthesis and all others yield components were achieved. In contrary, crop growth rate and biological yield increased up to 300 kg N ha-1. However, the biological yield at 300 kg N ha-1 was statistically similar with 250 kg N ha-1. The crop was more sensitive to water deficit at reproductive stage than at vegetative stage. Water deficit at vegetative stage reduced grain yield 14% while of grain yield was decreased 22% when crop faced water deficit at reproductive stage. The CSM-CERES-Maize application predicted crop growth and yield well. So, the model can be used as a research tool in semi-arid zone of Pakistan. The model predicted phenology of crop well with less MPD and RMSE. The model predicted grain yield very closely to that observed; RMSE ranged from 656 to 1586 kg ha-1 among all treatments. In nutrient stress treatments, time course simulations of the model for LAI were satisfactory in both experiments. Prediction of the model was excellent in treatments which had adequate nutrients supply. The value of d-statistics ranged from 0.56 to 0.99 for LAI. The model predicted TDM very close to the observed values having low RMSE with 0.97 to 0.99 d-statistics. The application of 250 kg N ha-1 in three splits i.e., 1/3rd N at V2, 1/3rd N at V16, and 1/3rd N at R1 stages with supplemental irrigation of 530 mm ha-1 is the best management practice for semi-arid environment.