کرپشن ،نجی مفادات اور غداری
ہر وہ شخص غدار ہے جو اپنے ذاتی مفاد کیلئے پھر غیر آئینی طریقے سے پاکستان کے آئین کو منسوخ کردے یا پھر کسی بھی قسم کی کرپشن جو ملک کیلئے بدنامی کا باعث بنے ،خطرہ بنے ،کسی آئین کو معطل کرے ،یا کسی بھی سازش میں بھی شامل ہو تو وہ ملک کا غدار ہے۔ یہ ایک ایسی لعنت ہے جو کسی بھی ملک کی بنیادوں کو کھوکھلا کردیتی ہے۔
یہ زمین جس پر ہم رہتے ہیں یہ ہمارے لیے ہماری ماں جیسی ہے پاک زمین کی گود میں پرورش پاکر پھر اسی سیغداری کرنا ،ایسے حالات میں جہاں غدار موجود تھے وہاں وطن پر مر مٹنے والے بھی موجود تھے مگرجو نقصان وطن کو ان غداروں سے ہوا وہ ملک کیلئے شرمندگی کا باعث بنتارہا۔وطن سے بغاوت کرنے والے کچھ لوگوں نے وطن اور دین کی پرواہ نہ کی اور صرف چند پیسوں کی خاطر اپنا ایمان بیچ ڈالا اور جہاں ان کو وطن کی حفاظت کیلئے کھڑے ہونا تھا وہ وطن کے غداروں کی صف میں شامل نظر آئے۔اکثر اوقات ہم غداروں کو پکڑپانے میں اتنی دیر کردیتے ہیں جب تک وہ ہماری بنیادوں کوکھوکھلا کرچکے ہوتے ہیں۔
ناطق نے بھی ناول میں ایسے ہی ایک واقعے کو بیان کیاہے کہ جب ’’ضامن‘‘کہانی کا مضبوط کردار وزارت خارجہ کے دفتر میں چودھویں سکیل کے کلرک کی حیثیت سے کام کرنے لگا تو اس کے ساتھ کچھ ایسے حالات پیش آئے جن سے وہ لاعلم رہا کے کہیں نہ کہیں اسے ملک کے خلاف کام کرنے کی سازش میں شامل کیا جاتا رہا ہے۔یقینااس پر قلم اٹھانا مصنف کیلئے بہت بہادری کا کام ہے۔آج سے پہلے بھی اردو ناولوں میں ملکی حالات پر بات کی...
This paper explores the religious ideological basis, cultural ambivalence and a bicultural identity issues in Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist. This Pakistani Anglophone novel carries different diasporic sensibilities. Issues related to culture, religion and its association with ideological grounds are very prominent. Elements of immigrant feelings and loss of identity are very vibrant. The writer shares migrant experience and the influence of a new culture of the host country, United States. While migrants from some of the Asian states, mainly those characterized by most recent immigrant waves, have really worse socio-economic situation than average immigrants; Pakistani people are among minorities. This research is qualitative in nature. Theories presented by Arjun Appadurai, Homi K Bhabha, and James Clifford about culture and diaspora support this research. This research is helpful to know about the concerns associated with the liminal space and issues related to identity loss, strong affiliation and recognition on the basis of religion and living with a bicultural identity.
This study aims to present the description of Pahari, a hitherto undocumented South Asian language spoken in the Azad State of Jammu & Kashmir (henceforth AJ&K), Pakistan. The analysis presented in this study is based on the data collected between 2013-2016 from Pahari speakers. The data consists of word lists and recorded texts which were recorded and transcribed from ten informants. This description is divided into two sections focusing on morphology and syntax of the language. Part one of the study deals with morphology of word classes, while the later part analyses the syntax of simple clauses and syntax of complex clauses. This work has established that Pahari has distinctive morphological properties parallel to other languages across South Asia. Pahari has both inflected and uninflected words. It uses suffixes on verbal and nominal categories to provide information about tense gender, and number. Along with the main verb, auxiliaries in Pahari are also used to represent correct tense, mood and aspect. Pahari auxiliaries like main verb inflect for tense, aspect, number and gender. The language also exhibits the morphological processes such as derivation, reduplication and compounding. Pahari distinguishes two genders, two numbers, and seven cases. The verb has four forms: an unmarked form or the root, and three marked forms that are perfective, imperfective and infinitive. These forms of verb are regular and inflect for tense, aspect, mood, number and gender. The grammatical relations in the language are marked through postpositions rather than prepositions. Except nominative that is bare, all other cases in Pahari are marked by a postposition. Pahari has a split-ergative system with ergative case marked on the agent subjects when the verb appears either in the perfective aspect or past tense. Furthermore, unlike its sister languages, it exhibits ergativity on some phonological grounds. The ergative case marker does not appear on subject that ends with vowel while subjects that end with consonants are overtly ergative marked. The accusative case marking in Pahari is also not totally akin to the accusative marking in its sister language of the region. Direct objects in Pahari independent of whether they are animate or inanimate are accusative marked. The accusative marker is usually dropped in the sentence where the subject- object distinction is clear. In Pahari, suffixes on verb encode the habitual and progressive aspects while the perfective aspects are encoded by light verbs in complex predicates. The study also reveals that typologically Pahari is a left branching verb-final language. The canonical word order of Pahari is SOV but for some pragmatic reasoning it also shows flexible word order. In complex structures the unmarked order is a main clause followed by the complement clause. Adverbial clauses in Pahari often precede the main clause however; they may follow the main clause for some pragmatic functions. The relative clause commonly appears to precede the correlative clause. Nevertheless there are the instances where the relative clause follows the correlative clause. In conditional clauses, either the if-clause precedes the main clause or the main clause precedes the if-clause but the if-clause preceding the main clause is the preferred order. Primarily the verb agrees with a nominative subject or a nominative direct object, i.e., an unmarked noun. In addition, the Pahari verb also shows a pronominal agreement.