سرفخرالدین
۱۹؍ جون ۱۹۳۳ء کی صبح کو مشرقی ہند کے مرکزی شہر پٹنہ کے جسم سے روح نے مفارفت کی، سرفخرالدین وزیر تعلیمات جو وہاں کے سب سے زیادہ ہر دلعزیز مسلمان تھے، ۶۵ برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی، ان چند مہینوں کے اندر اس شہر کے وہ پرانے نئے تعلیمیافتہ اصحاب جو وہاں کی مجلس کی شمعِ بزم افروز تھے، ایک ایک کرکے رخصت ہوگئے، سر علی امام کی وفات پر سیاسی تدبر و قابلیت کا ماتم ہوا، حسن امام کے مرنے پر قانون دانی کا نوحہ پڑھاگیا، لیکن سرفخرالدین کی رحلت پر انسانیت اور اس کی شرافت کا ماتم ہے۔
مرحوم نیک دل، متواضع، فیاض، مشرقیت پسند اور دیندار تھے، اسی لئے انکی وفات پر پورے صوبہ نے ماتم کیا، شہر کے سب سے بڑے میدان میں پورے شہر نے نماز جنازہ پڑھی اور صوبہ کے سب سے مقدس مقام پھلواری شریف میں اپنے مرشدین کے مقبرہ میں جگہ پائی، اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کی روح پر اپنی مغفرت کے پھول برسائے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی،جولائی ۱۹۳۳ء)
Islam is not a mere set of worships but it leaves no stone unturned to guide its followers regarding the social conduct be it politico-legal, sociocultural or economic etc to name a few. The interest-based transactions have been categorically rendered impermissible and unlawful by virtue of Quranic injunctions and authentic ahadith. In this article the issue of interest based transactions – Muslim to Muslim, Muslim to non-Muslim and vice versa, a Muslim resident of a non-Muslim state and a Muslim non-resident of a nonMuslim state – has been discussed in detail in the light of Quran, hadith and juristic rulings of the eminent Islamic scholars including the great four imams.
Brand equity has been realized as central to the marketing of any business including services of higher education institutions (HEIs). Being the direct recipients, students grow firsthand experience about the higher education institution’s brand and therefore, develop specific knowledge about it. Hence, the aim of this study is to enrich the understanding of student’s brand knowledge and its effect on brand equity and to further develop a typology of higher education institutions. This offers the HEIs the capacity to diagnose and solve problems that may help in maximizing the value of their brands. The study encompasses the customer-based brand equity perspective, which concentrated on the effect of two dimensions of brand knowledge that is brand awareness and brand image on brand equity. The study further focused on the relationship of brand knowledge with brand equity in developing a typology of HEIs. For this purpose, a cross-sectional analytical study conducted to verify the proposed model from a population that comprised of the major universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Using simple random and stratified sampling techniques, the data collected through 42 items survey questionnaire from a sample of 765 students of 12 HEIs. The instrument was adopted from the measures already certified as good, used successfully in different studies, and implemented after establishing the validity and reliability of the scales to suit the setting. The Pearson’s correlation and multiple-regression analyses conducted to test the hypotheses in the model. The results offered empirical proof partially validating the outcomes of previous studies with image related factors of brand knowledge deemed more significant than awareness related factors. Further, a four quadrant strategic typology identified and categorized based on the suggested framework. The study of typology development was an instant success however, with slightly unexpected results as only two typologies identified by the study results. Except for three HEIs all of the remaining Institutions were placed in the “champs” category in the typology which is by far the best category in the typology. The limitation and future directions for research are also discussed.