ندوی، عبدالرحمان نگرامی، مولانا
ہماری جماعت کا لعل شبِ چراغ گم ہوگیا
آہ! عبدالرحمانؔ
اس دو سال کے عرصہ میں ندوۃ العلماء نے اپنے کیا کیا گوہر آبدار کھوئے! ابوالحسنات مرحوم، مفتی یوسف مرحوم اور آہ کس زبان سے کہیں عبدالرحمان مرحوم! دارالعلوم ندوہ نے اپنی تیس برس کی مدت میں جتنے کارآمد اور علم دین کے خادم پیدا کئے، یقین کے ساتھ کہتاہوں کہ عبدالرحمان ان سب سے بہتر تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ نے اس کی ذات میں علم و عمل کی ساری خوبیاں جمع کردیں تھیں۔
لیْسَ مِنَ اﷲ بمُسْتَنکر
اَنْ یَجْمَعَ الْعَالَمَ فِی وَاحد
خدا سے یہ محال نہیں، کہ دنیا کو ایک ذات میں جمع کردے۔
مرحوم کا وطن نگرام تھا، جو ضلع لکھنؤ کا ایک مردم خیز قصبہ ہے یہاں کے انصاریوں کا خاندان مدت سے اپنے آس پاس اور اطراف اودھ میں علم و ارشاد کی مسند ہے، مرحوم اسی خاندان کے فرزند تھے، وفات کے وقت ستائیس سال کی عمر تھی، گویا ۱۹۰۷ء کی پیدائش ہوگی، ابتدائی تعلیم گھر پر اپنے اعزہ سے حاصل کی غالباً ۱۹۰۷ء میں وہ دارالعلوم میں داخل ہوئے، اسوقت میں مدرسہ میں ادبیات کا معلم تھا اور مرحوم نے کچھ ابتدائی کتابیں مجھ سے پڑھیں تھیں، مرحوم کا بچپن آنکھوں کے سامنے ہے، اسی زمانہ سے جب وہ مدرسہ میں بہت چھوٹے سے تھے، وہ اچھی صاف اور سلجھی ہوئی تقریر کرتے تھے، چھوٹی سی عمر اور چھوٹے سے قد میں ان کی یہ اداسی دل فریب تھی کہ وہ جلسوں میں تماشہ بن جاتے تھے۔ مولانا شبلی مرحوم جو اچھی استعداد اور قابل جوہر کے ہمیشہ جویاں رہتے تھے وہ خاص طور سے مرحوم کی تربیت سے دلچسپی رکھتے تھے، ایک دو دفعہ جلسوں میں وہ اپنے ساتھ ان کو لے کر گئے، مدرسہ سرائے میر (اعظم گڑھ) کے پہلے یا دوسرے اجلاس...
The question of the end of morality is certainly as old as moral speculation itself. It is this question that prompted Aristotle speculating on moral or character virtue. Moral question is properly a human question since only human beings are expected to act in a given way and are subject to praise and reward or blame and punishment. We should remember that also God and angels are expected to act in a given way, but that would, strictly speaking, be the subject of moral theology and revelation, since without revelation depending only on reason, we cannot examine the acts of God and angels in order to determine how they should act. In short, it is only human beings who can be judged to act morally or immorally if we depend only on human reason, without the support of revelation. In the whole work, Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham stick on happiness, though each differ in approaches. Consequentialists are after the greatest happiness of the greatest number, by advocating on the struggle to that which may make man happy and avoid evil by all means. Aristotle on his side is on eudaimonism, where man is found to be happy but moral happy. Happiness for Aristotle should be reasonable, morally good and means should be maintained. This research is analytical by nature, where both qualitative and analytical methods have been implemented throughout the work. The work has been successful though some challenges could not be avoided. Finally, in doing or acting, man should observe virtue; and this is always doing good and avoiding evil.
IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF COMPETENCIES POSSESSED BY FRUIT GARDEN OWNERS IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN Muhammad Saleem University of Agriculture Faisalabad february 2010 Major supervisor Dr. Tanvir Ali The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the competencies possessed by fruit garden owners in district Faisalabad, Pakistan. The target population consisted of all the (1993) Fruit Growing farmers of district Faisalabad. A stratified random sample of three hundred and seventeen fruit growing farmers was selected. The data were collected through personal interviews on a research instrument having five sections. A five point response likert scale was used to assess the levels of competencies possessed by fruit growers. The finding indicated that awareness regarding the sources of information of the respondents perceive that they possess various categories from very high ( =3.43) level regarding frequency of availability and high ( =3.57) level of correctness regarding university of Agriculture Faisalabad as a source of information but this source was available only to 4.4 percent of the respondents. The field Assistant were available to 87.00 percent of the respondents with low availability level ( =2.58) and low ( =2.13) level of correctness of information. While telephone had low ( = 1.37) level of availability and very low ( = 0.94) level of correctness was used by the respondents as a source of information.. Majority of the respondent (97.00) percent reported the major problem of proper training regarding fruit growing practices were not available to them with medium ( = 2.40) level of severity. The findings of the study indicated that fruit growers had possessed from low level to an average level of competence in most of the competencies, whereas all of the competencies were perceived as highly important for fruit production, protection and marketing. Themango growers had low ( = 2.7, 2.48, 2.5 and 2.13) level of knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption concerning mango growing practices, citrus growers had ( = 2.7, 2.49, 2.52 and 2.2) level, guava growers had low ( =2.72, 2.46, 2.59 and 2.15) level and date growers had low to medium ( = 2.78, 2.46, 2.63 and 2.24) level of knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption concerning fruit growing practices such as preparation of field, system layout for transplanting of nursery plants in the field up to harvesting and marketing of fruits. The fruit growers had low to medium level of knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption regarding fruit growing practices which indicate a need to train farmers regarding these practices. A greater (29.97, 26.49 and 17.35 percent) of the respondents reported that months of January, February and September are the appropriate time and majority (50.78 and37.22 percent) of the respondents reported that one week to two week time duration for the conduction of training courses and majority (54.89) percent) of the respondents reported that University of Agriculture Faisalabad is the ideal place for the training of fruit growers in the identified technical competencies. The Chi- square values for association between age groups, education level, tenancy status, size of land holding and knowledge level, skill, attitude, adoption level was highly significant which showed highly significant positive relationship between the age group, education level, tenancy status, size of land holding of respondents and knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption level of recommended practices concerning mango citrus, guava and date production, protection and marketing.