ڈاکٹر حامد اﷲ ندوی
ڈاکٹر حامد اﷲ ندوی کے انتقال کی افسوس ناک خبر تاخیر سے ملی، انہوں نے ۱۹؍ اکتوبر ۹۹ء کو سنگاپور میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، ان کا وطن تامل ناڈو کی مشہور ریاست آرکوٹ (نارتھ) کا ایک قصبہ چروتاپور تھا۔ یہیں وہ ۱۹۲۵ء میں پیدا ہوئے اور ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں داخلہ لیا، ندوہ سے فراغت کے بعد پونے یونیورسٹی سے فارسی اور اردو میں ایم۔اے کیا۔
درس و تدریس کا آغاز بمبئی کے مشہور تعلیمی ادارے انجمن اسلام سے ہوا، اس کے ریسرچ سنٹر سے بھی وابستہ رہے اور عرصہ تک مہاتما گاندھی میموریل سنٹر کی ہندوستانی پرچار سبھا سے منسلک رہے، جس کے ڈائریکٹر پروفیسر عبدالستار دلوی تھے۔ اسی زمانے میں ہمارے سابق رفیق مولانا عبدالرحمن پرواز اصلاحی کا تعلق بھی اس سینٹر سے تھا، انہی کے ہم راہ راقم نے پہلی بار ان دونوں حضرات سے ملاقات کا شرف حاصل کیا، دونوں دارالمصنفین کے بڑے قدرداں اور خیر خواہ تھے اس لیے مجھ سے بڑے اخلاص، محبت اور گرم جوشی سے ملے اور توقع سے زیادہ میری پذیرائی کی۔
آخر میں ڈاکٹر حامد اﷲ ندوی کا تعلق بمبئی یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ عربی سے ہوگیا، اس سے وظیفہ یاب ہونے کے بعد بمبئی کی ہنگامہ خیز زندگی سے الگ رہ کر وہ خاموشی سے علمی، ادبی اور تحقیقی کاموں میں مشغول رہتے تھے جس سے ان کو بڑا شغف تھا۔ تحریر و تصنیف کا بھی اچھا ذوق اور خاص سلیقہ تھا جس کا ثبوت ان کی تصنیفات ہیں جو تلاش، تحقیق اور محنت و جستجو سے لکھی گئی ہیں۔
ان کی کتاب ’’لکھنؤ کی لسانی خدمات‘‘ شایع ہوئی تو علمی حلقوں میں اس کی بڑی پذیرائی ہوئی، دوسری کتابیں ’’اردو کی چند نایاب مثنویاں‘‘ اردو کے چند نامور ادیب اور شاعر ’’ہندوستان اور مشرق وسطیٰ...
The study was conducted to examine some of the important questions raised by both the religious scholars and the proponents of the Enlightenment movement. The purpose of the study was to interpret enlightenment in Western and Islamic context and to examine the impact of western enlightenment on contemporary Pakistani society in the light of Islamic teachings. The study was quantitative in nature. Survey was conducted to probe into the perceptions of the Pakistani people regarding impact of western enlightenment on various aspects of contemporary Pakistani society. The sample of the study was 1000 people from four provincial headquarters of Pakistan including male and female from urban and rural areas of the provincial capitals. Two research instruments were developed by the researcher based on review of the related literature. First was a questionnaire named WEBI, Western Enlightenment Beliefs Inventory; second was a checklist named WEKAPC, Western Enlightenment Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Checklist. Results showed that most of the respondents were of the view that western enlightenment exerted significant influences on their thinking, lifestyles, and education, culture, media and social practices. Majority of the respondents thought that western enlightenment emphasized on tolerance, cultural harmony, equality, social justice and independent thinking. Gender-wise comparisons indicated that male respondents were more positive towards western enlightenment than the female respondents. It was recommended that Pakistani society needs to be made aware of the philosophy of western enlightenment and Islamic values which are characteristics of western enlightenment movement. There is need to initiate interfaith dialogue to understand socio-cultural dynamics of a Muslim society and a western society.
Automated personal authentication has become increasingly important in our information driven society and in this regard fingerprint based personal identification is considered to be the most effective tool. In order to ensure reliable fingerprint identification and improve fingerprint ridge structure, novel fingerprint enhancement approaches are proposed based on local adaptive contextual filtering. This dissertation presents the aims and objectives of the research along with the motivation and proposed research approaches for fingerprint enhancement mentioned below. In the first part of this research, a twofold enhancement technique is proposed that involves processing both in frequency and spatial domain. The fingerprint image is first filtered in frequency domain and then local directional filtering in spatial domain is applied to obtain enhanced fingerprint. Two major advantages of the proposed enhancement technique are; avoiding the hazards of frequency estimation errors and making spatial domain filtering quite simple by using a global 1D Gaussian smoothing filter. In order to determine the performance evaluation of the proposed enhancement, extensive evaluation of the proposed method against well-known enhancement approaches has been carried out on publicly available standard databases. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed enhancement performs better as compared to other well-known enhancement techniques. In the second part of this work, a fingerprint image with non-uniform ridge frequencies is considered as a 2-D dynamic signal. A non-uniform stress on the sensor’s sensing area applied during fingerprint acquisition may result in a nonlinear distortion that disturbs the local frequency of ridges, adversely affecting the matching performance. This study presents a new approach based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis and local adaptive contextual filtering for frequency distortion removal and enhancement. In the proposed approach, the whole image is divided into sub-images and local dominant frequency band and orientation are estimated. Gaussian Directional band pass filtering is then adaptively applied in frequency domain. These filtered sub-images are then combined using our proposed technique to obtain the enhanced fingerprint image of high ridge quality and uniform inter-ridge distance. Experimental results show efficacy of the proposed enhancement technique.