عہد نبوی میں ذرائع کے اسالیب عصر حاضر کے نوجوانوں کے لیے مشعل راہ

Since from the beginning of humanity means of communication have always been an essential need for mankind. To convey the message and to find means to communicate and express one’s thought one needs a mean to transmit the information to others. That is called communication. With the passage of time and advancement communication means also took modern shape and became advance. Islam as a complete code of life, guides humanity in the all fields of sociology, economic, politics, including mass communication. Allah the Almighty sent messengers and Prophets for the guidance of people. So they served the humanity in different periods of time in different areas. Ḥaẓrat Muḥammad (ﷺ) the last prophet of Allah used these means of communication for the prevalence and preaching of Islam, and left behind a remarkable legacy in the field of mass communication for the guidance till dooms day. Where there have been great changes in other fields and professions of life in the advanced world of contemporary era there had become a revolutionary change in the field of media. News all over the world spread in seconds. Media which is the strongest tool to approach people, but sorry to say that it is detracted badly by prevailing wrong values, vulgarity, jealousy and selfishness. There is a dire need to change the direction of noble that so (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet of methodology the towards media values like piousness, self-sacrifices, brotherhood and cooperation should be developed in people and for this purpose youth can play a pivotal and effective role in the field of mass communication. Eyes are looking towards youth of contemporary era to step forward by following our Holy contemporary the how that attempt humble a is article This. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet youth can play its role by using means of communication by taking guidance from Prophetic Era to lead media towards right direction.

Performance Behavior of Confined Brick Masonry Buildings under Seismic Demand

Seismic behavior of typical confined brick masonry buildings has been studied. Single and double story reduced scale confined brick masonry building models, representing typical single and double story residential houses in northern Pakistan, have been tested on simple earthquake simulator. The models have been built at 1:4 reduced scale, following the laws of complete model similitude and tested by subjecting them to a sequence of excitations. The models were confined according to the requirements of Eurocode 8. The research work was divided into three distinct phases: testing of prototype masonry materials and assemblages; simulation of reduced scale masonry materials and assemblage; and shaking table test of reduced scale models. Prototype masonry materials and assemblage were tested in compression, diagonal compression and cyclic test. Typical shear failure was observed to be predominant failure mode in both single and double story models. Although, the walls of single story severely damaged, the confining element was able to prevent them from disintegration. Damage was concentrated at the ground floor in the case of double story model. In-plane walls of ground floor were severely damaged during strong shaking. Horizontal bed joint reinforcement is recommended to connect the tie columns and ground floor masonry walls that will improve the seismic behavior of the ground floor walls. Response modification factor of 3.0 and 2.41 was determined for single and double story models respectively, what is in good correlation with Eurcode spectral amplification factors. The model test results indicate that prototype single and double story buildings of the tested type will resist, with moderate damage an earthquake with peak ground acceleration of 0.4 g and 0.25 g, respectively. The same buildings would resist collapse when subjected to earthquakes up to 1.0 g.