مولانا سید احمد ہاشمی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینے ممتاز عالم دین اور سر کردہ ملی و قومی رہنما مولانا سید احمد ہاشمی سابق ممبر پارلیمنٹ نے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا۔ وہ عرصے سے موذی امراض میں مبتلا تھے۔ ۴؍ نومبر ۲۰۰۱ء کو ان پر دل کا شدید دورہ پڑا اور اسپتال جاتے ہوئے مالکِ حقیقی سے جاملے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مولانا غازی پور کے ایک شریف خانوادے سے تعلق رکھتے تھے، ان کے والد حافظ محمد شفیع صاحب نے دارلعلوم ندوۃ العلما لکھنؤ میں اس زمانے میں تعلیم پائی تھی جب وہاں مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی بھی زیر تعلیم تھے اس لیے دونوں کے اچھے روابط تھے، مولانا ہاشمی بچپن ہی میں والدین کے سایہ شفقت سے محروم ہوگئے ان کی پرورش ان کے بڑے بھائی حافظ سید محمد ہاشمی نے کی، نانہال دربھنگھ سے غازی پور لاکر یہاں کی مشہور دینی درس گاہ مدرسہ دینیہ میں ان کا داخلہ کرایا، عربی کی پانچویں جماعت تک تعلیم دلانے کے بعد انہیں کلکتہ لے گئے اور مدرسۂ عالیہ میں داخلہ کرایا جہاں سے ’’ممتاز المحدثین‘‘ کی ڈگری لی پھر دارلعلوم دیوبند میں مولانا سید حسین احمد مدنی سے دورہ حدیث کی تکمیل کی۔ دارلعلوم سے فراغت کے بعد چند دن دہلی میں رہے اور پنجاب یونیورسٹی کے امتحانات دئیے، اسی زمانے میں مولانا محمد حفظ الرحمان سیوہاروی ناظم جمعیۃ علمائے ہند کی صحبت اور قربت نصیب ہوئی۔
دہلی میں مختصر قیام کے بعد وہ کلکتہ واپس آگئے، ان کے بڑے بھائی چاہتے تھے کہ اب وہ کوئی کاروبار کریں لیکن اس وقت تو وہ بورڈ کے مدرسہ ’’ندائے اسلام‘‘ میں مدرس مقرر ہوئے مگر شروع سے دین و ملت اور قوم و وطن کی خدمت کی جانب ان کی طبیعت کا رجحان تھا اس لیے اسی مشغلے میں ان کی زندگی گزری۔
کچھ عرصہ صحافت...
Technological advancement makes translation convenient due to the emergence of various translation tools. This Explanatory-Sequential study aims to determine the preference and the factors affecting the preference of Filipino and Foreign college students toward the Online Translation Tool. Likewise, it also aimed to identify if there is a significant difference between the respondents' choices. To acquire the data, the researchers used a survey conducted on 15 Filipino and foreign collegiate students enrolled in universities in Manila and a focus group discussion among 3 Filipino students. The transcribed data were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Moreover, the results of the quantitative data revealed that Google Translate was the preferred Online Translation Tool of Filipino and Foreign students for the reason of accessibility, user-friendliness, and the tendency of users to brand bias. The reasons presented in quantitative data are strengthened by the themes identified in the qualitative data. The three prevailing themes of Brand Bias, Accessibility, and Accuracy constituted the central theme of User Friendliness. It was identified through the Chi-Square Test that there is no significant difference among respondents' preferences (0.345 P-Value) toward online Translation software.
Aligarh movement was started / initiated with the essay writings of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan during 19th century. This movement was the precession of literary reforms and discourse of prose writings. In Urdu literary classics none of the kind of the Urdu prose, exists which have had disseminated its impact immediately. Therefor, Sir Syed Ahmed introduced a magazine and named it “Tehzeb-ul-Ikhlak” in which his contemporizes wrote essays. After the establishment of Pakistan many factors were inculcated in the Pakistani (Urdu) literature, which were very pivotal for its masses / people, culture social norms and ideology. This is how Pakistanism was revealed as Pakistani culture, Pakistani norms, Pakistani ideology and Pakistani literature, which had a great impact on the other nations on the globe. As the minorities have achieved a homeland on the basis of one ideology which was the baseline of innovative and popular essay writings of this era. Essay writing was begin in march 1571 by a French philosopher Moneton and named it “Essay”. After seventeen years a British writer Beckon started writing in same style, English and gradually this writer become popular among various languages throughout the world. In the subcontinent the term “Essay” writing was introduced for the first time by Master Ram Chand in his magazine Fawayed-ul-Nazreen in 1845, but most of the essay included in this magazine were science essays. After wards Sir Syed Ahmed launched a magazine Tehzeb-ul-Ikhlak by the inspiration of British magazines the spectator and tetlor. Due to the Journalist background my connection to essay writing gets firmed and it further links with column writing. It was my dive wish to identify the Pakistanism in the Urdu essay writings which acts as the pillar in the framework of Pakistan. The basic period of this thesis is after establishment of Pakistan till 2015. The thesis divided into five chapters. The first chapter contains the introduction topic, rules and disubbies, the basic elements of Pakistanism (introduction and boundaries). In the second chapter discussion of Pakistan nationalism in Urdu writer the debates of Pakistan Nationalism after establishment of Pakistan (Primary natives). The third chapter included the discussion of Pakistan culture in the Urdu literature. The fourth chapter consists of discussion of essay on Pakistan culture, the discussion on Pakistanism in literature, literary movements and debates in Pakistan, movements, culture, a detail discussion on theories and ideas of important article writers. The fifth chapter contemis complete overviews, results and recommendations.