Background: Hamstring muscles are targeted among football players. Sciatic nerve gliding improve hamstring flexibility among football players.
Objective: To compare the effects of sciatic nerve gliding and lower extremity stretching on hamstring flexibility among football players.
Methodology: In this randomized clinical trial 20 male athletes were selected which divided in two groups. One group was given sciatic nerve gliding while other lower extremity stretches. Athletes with age of 18-30 years, male foot ballers who regularly exercise 2 to 3 times a week for 30 minutes for 6 weeks were included. Goniometer was used to collect data by performing straight leg raise and Active knee extension test.
Results: The results showed that the mean age and SD was 21.30±1.809. Comparison of treatment within group was checked by Wilcoxon Rank test showed significant results (P was less than 0.05 )and between group comparisons was checked by Mann Whitney test and found sciatic nerve gliding gave more improvement in Athletes performance ( p value was less than 0.05 for straight leg raising and active knee extension test.
Conclusion: It was concluded that sciatic nerve gliding gave more effective results than lower stretching in increasing hamstring flexibility among football players.
A study on "Agro Physiological study of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different management systems” was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Serai Nourang (Bannu), NWFP – Pakistan for 2-years during 2003-04 and 2004-05. This study comprised four research experiments. An experiment entitled “To study the effect of irrigation levels under various nitrogen levels” were studied, during this experiment five irrigation levels (120 mm, 230 mm, 360 mm, 470 mm and 600 mm) and five nitrogen doses (Control, 40 kg ha -1 , 80 kg ha -1 , 120 kg ha -1 and 140 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated. Data recorded from the irrigation treatments revealed that maximum (688.45) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.66), grains spike -1 (70.57), 1000-grain weight (47.98 g), grain yield (2677.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (13978.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.91 %), protein (6.64 %), net income (Rs. 39300.00), BCR (3.27 %) and MRR % (327.35) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both year. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that nitrogen doses significantly affected all parameters except harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum (713.50) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.74), grains spike -1 (67.06), 1000-grain weight (47.47 g), grain yield (2806.75 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10817.13 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.49 %), protein (6.33 %), net income (Rs. 34844.00), BCR (2.96 %) and MRR % (296.11) was noted from the plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. In case of interaction between irrigation and nitrogen it was observed that maximum (843.00) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.61), grains spike -1 (74.90), 1000-grain weight (49.72 g), grain yield (3150.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (16260.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (15.02 %), protein (14.94 %), net income (Rs. 48087.00), BCR (3.65 %) and MRR % (364.685) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water and fertilized with 120 kg N ha - 1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two years average VIIIThe 2 nd experiment was conducted to study the response of wheat to various irrigation levels and different seed rates, five irrigation levels (I 1 = 120 mm, I 2 = 230 mm, I 3 = 360 mm, I 4 = 470 mm and I 5 = 600 mm) and five seed rates (S 1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha - 1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) were used.. Data recorded from the irrigation treatments revealed that maximum (362.35) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (64.80), leaf area index (4.24), 1000- grain weight (43.19 g), grain yield (3130.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (13167.50 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 44283.00), BCR (3.71 %) and MRR % (370.82) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water. The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that seed rates were significantly affected all parameters except biological yield and harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum ((346.10) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (62.70), leaf area index (4.08), 1000-grain weight (43.15 g), grain yield (3160.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10403.00 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 39967.00), BCR (3.46 %) and MRR % (345.95) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . In 2004- 05 and both year average, almost the same trend was observed. In case of interaction between irrigation and seed rate it was observed that maximum (386.25) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (70.00), leaf area index (4.78), 1000-grain weight (45.20 g), grain yield (3800.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (14287.50 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 54043.00), BCR (4.26 %) and MRR % (426.35) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water and seed rate was used @ 120 kg ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two years average. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years An experiment entitled “Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by different seed rates and nitrogen levels” was conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05. Five seed rates (S 1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) and five nitrogen doses (N 0 = Control, N 1 = 40 kg ha -1 , N 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , N 3 = 120 kg ha -1 and N 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) were applied. Analysis of the data recorded from the irrigation treatments showed that maximum (334.85) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.50), grains spike -1 (60.80), 1000-grain weight (41.91 g), grain yield (3957.64 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10172.40 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (7.13 %), protein (6.90 %), net income (Rs. 50225.00), BCR (4.28 %) and MRR % (428.27) was noted from the plots which were seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed maximum (348.00) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.42) grains spike -1 (63.90), 1000-grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield IX(4145.14 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10579.75 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (9.87 %), protein (8.09 %), net income (Rs. 52831.00), BCR (4.46 %) and MRR % (446.21) was noted from the plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. In case of interaction between irrigation and nitrogen it was observed that maximum (380.75) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (5.39), grains spike -1 (68.25), 1000-grain weight (44.20 g), grain yield (4663.20 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (11270.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.82 %), protein (13.55 %), net income (Rs. 60179.00), BCR (4.88 %) and MRR % (488.25) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 seed rate and fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 , while maximum leaf area index (1.57) was recorded from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 and fertilized with 80 kg N ha - 1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two year average The 4 th experiment was conducted to study the response of different wheat varieties to various seed rates. The experiment consists of five different wheat varieties (V 1 = Nasir - 2k, V 2 = Salim - 2k, V 3 = Bakhtawar-92, V 4 = Fakhre-e-Sarhad and V 5 = Lucky J-03) were sown at five various seed rates (S1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ). Data recorded from the varieties treatments revealed that maximum tillers m -2 (377.30), leaf area index (4.10), grains spike -1 (68.05), 1000-grain weight (45.24 g), grain yield (4022.50 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (16660.92 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 61921.00), BCR (4.99 %) and MRR % (499.49) was noted from the plots sown with variety Fakhre Sarhad . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that seed rates were significantly affected all parameters except biological yield and harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum ((369.20) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (65.30), leaf area index (4.03), 1000-grain weight (45.30 g), grain yield (4222.80 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (15030.53 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 62119.00), BCR (5.18 %) and MRR % (518.03) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . In 2004-05 and in two years average, almost the same trend was observed. In case of interaction between varieties and seed rate it was observed that maximum (420.25) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.79), grains spike -1 (74.00), 1000-grain weight (47.33 g), grain yield (4676.25 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (19535.16 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 66863.00), BCR (5.47 %) and MRR % (546.95) was noted from the plots sown with Fakhre Sarhad and seed rate was used @ 120 kg ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two year average. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years.