Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > E-T Abroad Applications

E-T Abroad Applications

Thesis Info

Author

Sanam Shahzad

Department

Institute of Information Technology, QAU

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

74

Subject

Information Technology

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss / M.Sc/ INF / 171

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676718494212

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

جادہ منزل

جادہ منزل

اسلام آباد سے شرم الشیخ تک اگر ہوائی جہاز براہِ راست اڑان بھرے تو یہ سفر تقریباََسات سے آٹھ گھنٹے میں طے ہو سکتا ہے ۔مگر اس سفر کی تکمیل کے لیے مسافر کو چوبیس گھنٹے لگے ۔اسلام آباد کے ہوائی مستقر کی انتظار کے صاف شفاف شیشوں سے سعودی ائیر لائن کا دیو ہیکل ہوائی پرندہ کھڑا صاف نظر آ رہا تھا ۔اس پرندے کی منزل ریاض کا دلکش ائیر پورٹ تھا ۔جہاں سے مجھے پانچ گھنٹے کے انتظار کے بعد اسی کمپنی کے جہاز سے قاہرہ کا سفر درپیش تھا ۔تمام مسافر ٹکٹکی باندھے کبھی جہاز اور کبھی الیکترانی گھڑیال پر نظر ڈالتے،مسافروں کی جہاز میں جلد بیٹھنے کی خواہش جس رفتار پر چل رہی تھی گھڑیال کی سوئیا ںاس کے ساتھ قدم ملاکر چلنے سے عاری تھیں ۔لمحہ موجود منجمد تھا اور شوقِ پرواز کو پر لگے ہوئے تھے ،مقیم رشتہ دار مسافروں کو دلاسا دے کر رخصت ہو رہے تھے کہ خیریت سے پہنچنے کی اطلاع ضرور دیں ۔عازمین سفر اچھی نشست چاہے اپنی ہویا پرائی کے حصول کے لیے ایک دوسرے پر سبقت لے جانے میںکوشاں تھے ۔مسافر کو عازمین کی یہ حالت و حرکت دیکھ کر ایک دانا کی تحریر یاد آ گئی ،اقتدار کی مسند ہو کہ جہاز کی نشست ،کرسی کے حصول کے اصول یکساں ہوتے ہیں ۔جہاز میں داخل ہو کر بھی مسافروں کو چین نہ آ یا کوئی آگے یا پیچھے بیٹھنے کے فوائد کو بیان کر رہا تھا اور کوئی دائیں بائیں بازو کی بحث میں الجھا ہوا تھا وہاں پیش و پس یہاں چین و چناں ۔بعض مسافر محرموںکے ساتھ بیٹھنا چاہتے تھے اور بعض نا محرموںکے ساتھ ۔ادھر دوستی کا دعویٰ اورکشش ،ادھر ہوس کا جواب دعویٰ اور بہکاوا، سب متذبذب نظر آ رہے تھے ۔فیصلہ کرنا مشکل ہو...

قاضی عیاض اور ان کی کتاب الشفاء بتعریف حقوق المصطفی کا تعارف اور اعتراضات کا جائزہ

Qazi Ayaz Malki is a famous scholar of the west. He has written books on various sciences and arts. His famous book is Al-Shafa'ah betareef e Huqooq El Mustafa. This book has given him eternal life because of this book he has reached the highest of fame even today. The rights and particularities of the Prophet (SAW) are mentioned in this book. The topic under consideration is an introduction to Qazi Ayaz Malki's life situation and his book Al-Shafa'ah Al-Shareef Huqooq Al Mustafa. And this book talks about the objections which are been raised and their detailed answers

Studies on Indigenous Plants of Karachi for the Control of Root Rot-Root Knot Disease Complex

Several indigenous plants in Karachi region possessed various antimicrobial properties, among them some plants viz., Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub, Fagonia indica Burm f., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Melia azedarach L., Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Solanum surattense Burm f., Terminalia catappa L., Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal were selected for present study. These plants were collected from different localities of Karachi and their grinded powders were used in vitro and in vivo against soil-borne plant pathogens like root-rot fungi and root-knot nematode. In vitro different parts of selected plants were extracted in five solvents such as water, methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested against three root-rot fungi viz., Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. emend. Snyd. & Hans., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn) by food-poisoned method on potato dextrose agar medium. Leaves, fruit and shoot extracts of selected plants significantly suppressed the growth of fungi as compared to stem extracts. However, H. rosa-sinensis (stem) extracts showed fungicidal activity than its leaves extracts. Among solvents, the water and methanol were found more effective against almost three fungi. Plants extracts were also tested against eggs hatching and mortality of second stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood) with varying concentrations (10, 5 and 2.5%). Significant reduction in the eggs hatching and increased in mortality was noticed in all plant extracts. Eggs hatching have been reduced and larval mortality has been increased when concentration of extracts increased therefore concentration 10% showed maximum nematicidal activity. Screen house trials were conducted in department of Botany, Federal Urdu University, to assess in vivo potential of plant species against targeted fungi and nematodes. Experiments carried out on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In soil amendment (organic amendment) experiment powder of plants were mixed in soil @ 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w fifteen days prior before sowing the seeds. T. populnea (leaves), M. azedarach (leaves), W. somnifera (leaves & stem), T. catappa xiii (leaves), P. juliflora (leaves), H. rosa-sinensis (stem), S. surattense (shoots) and C. tetragonoloba @ 1 and 2% showed more significant results than other plants. Amendment not only suppressed the incidence of root rot-root knot disease complex but it also enhanced the growth of test crops (okra & mung bean). Biochemical estimation of okra and mung bean also has been done after uprooting the crops. It was observed that T. populnea (leaves), M. azedarach (leaves) and W. somnifera (leaves) highly enhanced chlorophyll “a”, “b”, carotenoids and carbohydrate as compare to other treatments and control in okra. However, in mung bean S. surattense (shoots), H. rosa-sinensis (stem) and P. juliflora (leaves) highly enhanced the physiological parameters. Water extracts @ 1 and 2% w/v of selected plants has been used as soil drenching to check their efficacy. Both concentrations significantly promote growth of cowpea plant and also suppressed the infection caused by root-rot fungi and root-knot nematodes. However, W. somnifera (leaves) and S. surattense (shoots) extracts showed highly significant results as compared to others. The biochemical contents of cowpea showed increase in chlorophyll “a”, “b”, carotenoids, carbohydrate and decrease in phenol content. Combined application of microbial antagonists (Trichoderma harzianum & Pseudomonas aeruginosa), nematicide (Carbofuran) and fungicide (Aliette) in soil amended with plants dry powder @ 1 and 2% w/w showed remarkable suppression of root rot-root knot disease complex. While W. somnifera (leaves), S. surattense (shoots) and H. rosa-sinensis (stem) adequately affected on growth parameters of chickpea and reduced infection of targeted pathogens. On the other hand combination of plants powder (W. somnifera and S. surattense, H. rosa-sinensis and T. populnea) with P. aeruginosa, T. harzianum, Aliette and Carbofuran significantly enhanced biochemicals than other treatments.