عبدالمجید صاحب سالک
پنجاب میں مولانا ظفر علی خاں مرحوم کے بعد ادب و صحافت کے میدان میں سب سے ممتاز اور رنگارنگ شخصیت عبدالمجید صاحب سالک مرحوم کی تھی، وہ ادیب و شاعر بھی تھے اور صحافی و مزاح نگار بھی، ان کا مذاق بڑا ستھرا اور قلم متوازن تھا، ایک زمانہ میں ان کی ذات لاہور کی ادبی سرگرمیوں کا مرکز تھی، پنجاب کے بہت سے نوجوان ادیب و صحافی ان ہی کے دامن تربیت کے پروردہ ہیں، طبعاً بڑے باغ و بہار، سخن طراز اور بزم آرا تھے، انھوں نے علم و ادب کے ساتھ ملک و ملت کی بھی خدمت انجام دی، متعدد علمی و ادبی تصانیف ان کی یادگار ہیں، ان میں ’’مسلم ثقافت ہندوستان میں‘‘ ان کے حسن مذاق کا نمونہ ہے، ابھی تھوڑے دن ہوئے ’’ہم نہیں ہوں گے‘‘ کی ردیف و قافیہ میں ان کی ایک بڑی دلکش نظم نظر سے گذری تھی، کیا معلوم تھا کہ یہ شاعری اتنی جلد واقعہ کی شکل اختیار کرلے گی، علم و ادب کی محفلوں میں مدتوں ان کی یاد آتی رہے گی، اﷲ تعالیٰ علم و ادب کے اس خادم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی،نومبر ۱۹۵۹ء)
It goes without saying that peace has been a hot issue in the past; it is, still, a vital topic of discussion today, and it seems to continue to draw the attention of people in the future. We witness wars and destructions in several parts of the world. This has led to killings of millions of people, left innumerable number of families broken and displaced millions of people. We need to address it earnestly. The author of this dissertation has specified this topic with reference to the Holy Qur’ān, because being the book of Allāh Almighty, it means to us as the final constitution, the ultimate torchlight for our guidance, and a great blessing to the whole world. Peace means to be free from the calamities in this world and in the hereafter. Usually, peace is used to imply an opposition to war and violence between the nations. Peace is a virtue and it means absence of evil, and, therefore, it is always praiseworthy. The author of this paper deals with this topic by dividing it into six sections. These are, ‘The Peace’ as one of the divine names of Allāh Almighty; Peace equals good; Peace is praiseworthy; Peace in the sense of conciliation and security; Peace in the sense of customary Islamic salutation; and Refutation of the objection that Islām was spread by sword.
Present study was planned to utilize the indigenous organic resources for the insect pest management of stored wheat with the purpose to provide safe food to the end users and to make the pest control technique environment-friendly. It will also be helpful to avoid heavy expenses being spent on the import of pesticides. The focus of the project was to provide a secure IPM protocol to the farmers for the easy and organic control of stored grains insect pests, at farm level. For this purpose, oils of Acorus calamus (Sweet flag), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ricinus communis (Castor) were applied individually and as combinations in various concentrations @ 15-18 ml solution per sq. ft. area of the jute/cotton bags of different densities. Infestation free wheat was packed in respective treated bags and stored under prevailing ambient conditions of the flourmills. Antixenotic and antibiotic effects of the botanical oils were determined at different storage intervals i.e. 30, 60 and 90 days against Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium. Statistical examination of the data regarding percent mortality and population build up of the target insects has indicated that different concentrations, storage periods and packing materials have a momentous effect on the insects mortality and their penetration into the bags. Degree of antixenosis and antibiosis has a linear correlation with the concentration of the oils but inversely with the storage periods. Moreover, penetration into the bags was inversely but the mortality was directly proportional to the density of the packing materials. It was observed that fine packing material with 20% concentration, Neem oil conferred 90 %, sweet flag oil 94% and castor oil 82% mortality up to one month. Afterwards a gradient decrease in percent mortality was found in second and third months. Whereas, mixture of three oils in 10% concentration of each exhibited 100, 95.55, and 91.55% mortality for 30, 60 and 90 days respectively, in cotton bags, having mesh size of 0.1 x 0.1 mm. Farinographic studies indicated non significant differences on the water absorption of the dough made from the respective flours of the treatments and the control. Furthermore, sensory evaluation established that there was no distinguishable taste or taint found in the chapatties made from the respective flours of the treatments and the control. It is concluded that oils of Acorus calamus, Azadirachta indica and Ricinus communis are effective, with the selected dosage levels, to save the stored grains from insect pests, the food from toxic residues and the environment from chemical pollution. Mixture of three oils in 10% concentration showed a better performance than the rest of treatments. Therefore, packing of the cleaned wheat in new treated bags with selected botanical oils and proper sealing thereof can, certainly, provide better results for the safe storage of food grains. An addition of some appropriate IPM practices may also be a supplement for the accomplishment of the suggested insect pests control measure.