کُتبِ اُصول حدیث اکیسویں صدی میں ؛ایک تعارفی جائزہ An Introductory Review of the Books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth in 2ist Century

Muslims are a unique nation in the world who have shown unparalleled activism in preserving their sayings and relics. Caution was in view from day one. The simple precautionary measures taken in the early days later took the form of theology. In the beginning, the principles and rules of this knowledge did not exist in a disciplined form, although the scholars of Muḥaddithin adhered to the basic principles of this knowledge from the very beginning. However, references to these principles were to be found in the books of the pious. In the 4th Hijri, the scholars of Muhaddithin compiled the previous scattered work on the art of the principle of Ḥadith. Now these comprehensive definitions and terms are before us in a systematic and disciplined form in the books of ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth. In this short essay, the definition and necessity and importance of Hadith and ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth have been highlighted and also an introductory review of books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth th and their authors and authors has been presented. Which indicates this. How strict were the rules and regulations of the Muslim Ummah for examining the authenticity and text of the Holy Hadith and how did they separate the authentic, weak and subject matter of the hadiths and write their separate books? And how hard they have worked to promote art.

The Impact of a School Leadership Training Program Sltp on the Knowledge and Practices of the Headteachers of the Aga Khan Education Service Schools in the North Areas

School leadership is the most important factor in the improvement of schools. Now it is widely accepted that headteachers need both pedagogical and managerial skills to lead a school. This can be achieved through leadership training programs. In many countries including Pakistan, teachers are mostly promoted to headship positions without their having management and leadership skills in schools. Therefore, the training becomes important for those headteachers who have been promoted to headship positions on the basis of their seniority or teaching experience. The School Leadership Training Program (SLTP) was an in-house training program, which was carried out for the headteachers of AKES, P schools in the Northern Areas. This study is about the impact of SLTP on the knowledge and practices of the Headteachers (HTs) who attended the training program. This inquiry presents the impact of the training program in terms of the sense of self-efficacy, knowledge acquisition, practices and performance of the HTs. The study was carried out in January- February 2004 in four schools of the Aga Khan Education Services, Pakistan, two Field Education Offices, and the Training Program Office of the AKES,P Northern Areas, Gilgit. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Data was collected through interviews of the HTs, teachers, and education officers and a program coordinator, and through document study of schools, FEOs and SLTP related to the practices of HTs, and their staffs. For data analysis the grounded theory of data analysis was used. This study reveals that SLTP had made an impact on the perception, knowledge, practices and performance of the headteachers. The impact of the training program was ascertained on the beliefs, attitudes, and practices of the HTs as well. The research also exposed factors that facilitated or hindered the implementation of the knowledge and skills learnt by the HTs during the training. The major facilitating and hindering factors remained the innate qualities of individuals, system support, suitable working conditions, academic knowledge, and needs based training.