In its development, madrasas have undergone various changes, namely from the pesantren learning system to the madrasa system; from traditional to classical methods; from halaqah system to benches, desks and blackboards; from traditional to modern curricula; from classical education to modern educational reform. The change indicates the existence of process or efforts of development of madrasah education in the direction of more advanced, qualified and competitive from time to time. Conceptually, one way to improve the quality of education and competitiveness of madrasah in the era of globalization competition is to implement strategic management which includes 4 stages such as environmental analysis, formulating, implementing and evaluating strategic decisions between functions that enable an organization to achieve its goals in the future. Strategic Management is based on the entire scope of the work. Thus it can be utilized well for makronya environment for example in government management and also can be utilized also for in mikronya environment for example in company management or organization or pengeloalan Madrasah. However, it should be understood only here that in the use of macro and micro scope there are a number of fundamental differences such as the following exposures.
Stored grains have been attacked by different insect species for many years. To protect stored grains from insect attack, various control measures have been suggested. Current research was initiated in order to assess five plant extracts and three synthetic pyrethroids for their toxic and repellent efficiency and their effect on progeny inhibition of three strains of Callosobruchus chinensis and Rhyzopertha dominica. These treatments were also studied for their subsequent effects on the certain esterases and phosphatases enzymes of test insects. Azadirachta indica extract and deltamethrin were more effective. Significant mortality was obtained at the highest concentrations, after maximum exposure time. C. chinensis mortality with A. indica was 81.10, 69.23 and 86.82% in FSD, MLN and NNS strains respectively. 100% mortality was achieved with deltamethrin for all strains of C. chinensis. R. dominica mortality with A. indica was 65.19, 60.74 and 84.96% FSD, MLN and NNS strains respectively. Deltamethrin resulted in 95.56, 95.56 and 97.75% mortality of R. dominica Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively. A. indica resulted in 79.99, 66.67 and 80.81% progeny inhibition of C. chinensis Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively. 66.77, 60.32 and 70.40% reduction in progeny production of C. chinensis was achieved with deltamethrin, in Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively. A. indica caused 90.22, 88.01 and 92.23% progeny inhibition of R. dominica in Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively. Progeny inhibition of R. dominica was 90.46, 80.93 and 97.14% in Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively with deltamethrin. In repellency bioassay, A. indica resulted in 93.33, 90.67 and 94.67% repellency in C. chinensis Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain, respectively. With deltamethrin repellency was 92.00, 90.67 and 97.33% in C. chinensis Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively. Percentage repellency in in case of R. dominica was 94.67, 85.33 and 92.00 in Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively, with A. indica. Repellency recorded with deltamethrin, in R. dominica was 90.67, 89.33 and 92.67% in Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana strain respectively. In case of enzymatic analysis, the inhibition of treatments was compared with the control. With A. indica treatment, in C. chinensis FSD strain, maximum AChE, ALP, ACP, α-CE and β-CE inhibition was 45.82, 29.98, 61.38, 43.65 and 50.81% respectively, 57.14, 39.98, 58.24, 41.04 and 50.58% respectively in MLN strain and 41.31, 28.87, 61.67, 45.24 and 50.32% respectively in NNS strain. Using M. azadirach, in C. chinensis FSD strain, maximum AChE, ALP, ACP, α-CE and β-CE inhibition was 55.82, 29.98, 53.37, 45.48 and 51.30% respectively, 63.81, 39.98, 52.67, 43.65 and 50.33% respectively in MLN strain and 51.98, 31.10, 52.84, 47.96 and 50.57% respectively in NNS strain. In pyrethroids, cypermethrin mostly resulted in high inhibition of enzymes. So, with cypermethrin maximum AChE, ALP, ACP, α-CE and β-CE inhibition was19.14, 18.54, 47.65, 36.33 and 42.45% respectively, in C. chinensis FSD strain, 37.14, 21.09, 48.42, 36.33 and 39.12% respectively, in MLN strain and 14.96, 17.43, 46.95, 38.32 and 39.99% respectively in NNS strain. In R. dominica FSD strain, treated with A. indica maximum AChE, ALP, ACP, α-CE and β-CE inhibition was 39.42, 43.77, 47.79, 41.38 and 52.30% respectively, 37.57, 39.94, 47.31, 41.90 and 48.46% respectively in MLN strain and 40.41, 45.99, 51.59, 42.15 and 50.51% respectively in NNS strain. With M. azadirach treatment, in R. dominica FSD strain, maximum AChE, ALP, ACP, α-CE and β-CE inhibition was 40.83, 42.94, 45.71, 40.47 and 47.84% respectively, 39.70, 39.94, 44.13, 40.99 and 43.86% respectively in MLN strain and 41.83, 45.17, 51.59, 42.15 and 50.51% respectively in NNS strain. Using pyrethroids, enzymes inhibition was recorded maximum in R. dominica NNS strain with cypermethrin, which resulted in 34.03, 43.80, 49.45, 31.41 and 48.34% inhibition of AChE, ALP, ACP, α-CE and β-CE respectively as compared to the control treatment.