اسلام اور ہندومت میں تصور عبادت

Ll religions without any exceptions have one or the other concept of worship of God or gods. Islam explains why and how Allah alone should be worshipped and obeyed. Hinduism can hardly be defined as to its idea of worshipping gods and goddesses. Yet, keeping in view the widely-known aud expressed system of worship in Hinduism and the true concept of worship in Islam one may see between them some similarities but so many dissimilarities. This article is to identify and explain those similarities and dissimilarities between Islamic concept of worship and Hindu philosophy of worship

تصحیح و تدوین رساہل و رقعات طغرای مشہری

Tughra-e-Mashadi is amongst the eminent Irani poets, writers and treatiser of the 11th century. The government of Safvee in those times was neglectful towards the development of art and literature, which further disheartened many poets and writers and forced them to move to the Indo Pak subcontinent and Tughra was one of them. It was the Time of Mughal reign, a time when literature was flourishing. Tughra-e-Mashadi came to Dakkan for some time and then worked in the court of King Shahjahan. Later he got appointed as a MUNCHI of Prince Muraci Bakhsh. Tughra-e-Mashadi was well known for his poetry and prose. His writings had an amalgamation of Persian prose and poetry and Hindi words. His poetic works includes qasaid, ghazals, rubayat, qataat and masnawee. The prose depicts his hard work in minutely expressing the thoughts and ideas by the interfusion of verse in prose. A few of his Rassails also start with a verses. His writing style is inspired by Gulistan-e-Saadi. Tughra-e-Mashade has not only used stylized language in prose but has also provided vivid paraphrasing and explanation. The most striking feature of Tughra's Treatises are that they were part of the curriculum in the 11th century. Dr.Zabih-ul-Ilah safa aminent scholar of Iran considers Tugra-e - Mashadi as the second famous writer who got popularity for his works during his life. Another Iranian scholar All Akbar Dehkhuda has also talked about Tugra-e-Mashadi in his "Lughat -namma".Tugra-e -Mashadi has beautifully written about different topics like the success stories of kings, literature mysticism, astronomy, the health benefits of various herbs, and the beauty and serenity of different cities in his Rassail. In his Ruqaaat he has talked about rulers and the contemporary poets and writers. Tugra-e-Mashadi's language was difficult to understand that is why most of his writings could not be deeply understood and therefore no authentic work has been done. In this thesis the researcher has selected one of the earliest manuscripts and compared it with three different authentic manuscripts that were collected from GangBaksh Library Islamabad, Karachi Museum Library and British Museum Library London. The in accuracies of grammar and punctuation are written in the foot notes along with the meanings of Hindi words used in the original text. The meanings of Quranic verses and Hadith are also mentioned for further understanding. The researcher has recorded the fragments in exactly the same manner as that of the original text. Research is required on the manuscripts available in our libraries for further knowledge on various topics relating to art and literature.