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Environmental Pollution

Thesis Info

Author

Seema Anjum Riaz

Department

Deptt. of International Relations, QAU.

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1990

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

40

Subject

International Relations

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Sc IR/88

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676718556007

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مذہبی زوال کی عکاسی۔

مذہبی زوال کی عکاسی(خصوصاً شیعہ مسلک سے زیادتی)

                شروع ہی سے یہ مسائل دیکھنے کو ملے یعنی برصغیر ہی سے یہ مذہبی زوال کی عکاسی رہی ہے۔شیعہ اور سنی دونوں ہی خط مستقیم پر نہ رہے۔اتنا وقت گزرنے کے بعد بھی آج تک یہ دونوں خط مستقیم پر نہیں ہیں۔اکثریت نے ہمیشہ اقلیت کو دبایا اور اس کے اثرات کس شکل میں ظاہر ہوئے یہ کوئی راز نہیں رہا۔ناطق نے کہانی میں حاجی فطرس علی کا ذکر کیا ہے۔یہ وہ مضبوط کردار دکھایا گیا ہے جو شیعہ مسلک سے آگاہی دیتا ہے۔

                ضامن نے علمی و ادبی گروہ کے ساتھ راہ و راست یکجا کیے تو کامریڈ نے کچھ کتابیں ضامن کو دی کہ ان کو پڑھو تو تمہیں پتہ چلے گا کہ مذہب کتنا بڑا جھوٹ ہے اور ہم سب کیا ہیں۔ ضامن نے ان کتابوں کو پڑھا اور پھر جب ان ہی پر بحث کرنا چاہی تو ضامن کو پتہ چلا کہ خود انہوں نے بھی روایتی باتوں کے علاوہ کچھ نہیں سیکھا۔ ناطق نے ناول میں لکھا ہے کہ جب ضامن کو اس کے کامریڈ ساتھی نے کہا کہ آج تمہاری ضرورت پڑ گئی ہے۔ پہلے اس نے غور سے ضامن کو دیکھا اور پھر کہا کہ کامریڈ الیاس جو کہ میرے استاد ہیں ان کی دو بچیاں ہیں۔

                الیاس صاحب کی بیماری کی کسی کو سمجھ نہیں آتی۔تمہیں پتہ ہے کہ ہمارا کسی بھی مذہب سے کوئی لینا دینا نہیں ہے۔ وہ ضامن کو کسی چال میں لینا چاہتا تھا۔وہ خود بھی شیعہ تھا اور جہاں مفاد کی بات آتی تب وہ اپنا تعلق ہر مذہب سے ختم کر کے صرف پیٹ کی بات کو سنتا۔ کیونکہ الیاس صاحب سنی ہیں۔ضامن نے معاملے کی تہہ کو بھانپ لیایعنی...

Enlightened Message of Sufism Towards Peaceful Pakistan

In today’s world mankind seems to be skidding towards chaos and violence. Mankind is divided on the lines of faith, race, sect, colour, cast, language and creed. Odium and intolerance have become the orders of the day. This condition pushes to take the refuge of religion but the religious radicalism, intolerance and discrimination are also in the fold. In this situation Sufi message comes to give shelter for peace, love and humanity. The enlightened Sufi message is not for one nation, race, or community but it is for the whole of humanity. Pakistan has faced terrified situations due to dangerous trends of religious extremism, radicalism and social intolerance. In order to understand this problem, the concept of Sufism has been applied. This has been used as an approach / methodology to evade from hated and violent tendency to reorient Pakistan back on the track to peace and prosperity. Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan have been taken as case study to give the empirical evidence. This study demonstrates that the enlightened message of Sufism has enough potential to bring back peaceful environment.

Diffusion of Organizational Innovation and the Growth of Smes: Case Study Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.

This research is conducted to examine the diffusion of organizational innovation and its impact on the growth of Small and medium enterprises of Khyberpakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study was conducted in the pharmaceutical sector in two clusters i.e. Peshawar and Nowshera of Khyberpakhtunkhwa.A case study research design was adopted for the study and data was collected from through semi-structure interviews. The interview protocol was developed by identifying the themes from the literature review. The protocol was modified slightly after the pilot study of two enterprises and some emergent themes were added to it. The interviews were administered with the different top level managers of each SME. The semi-structure interviews were conducted for primary data whereas the official websites/facebook pages of the firms and non-participant observations were used for secondary data. The research was successful as it established the relationship of diffusion of innovation and SMEs growth as well as put forth some suggestions for making the enterprises innovation friendly. This study also unearthed some barriers and environmental conditions which hinder the diffusion of innovation in SMEs.The study made some methodological contributions as it is the first of this kind in Pakistani perspective.This study offered implications for theory, policy and practice as well as offered some directions for future research.