1۔تحفظ دین
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوق تخلیق کیا ، عقل وشعور اور فہم کی صلاحیت عطا فرمائی ، اس کی ہدایت کےلیے انبیاء وحی کا سلسلہ شروع فرمایا ۔ اس کے ساتھ انسان کی تخلیق کا مقصد بھی بتایا، جیسا کہ قرآن مجید میں ارشاد ہو ا ہے
﴿وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ﴾217
"میں نے جنوں اور انسانوں کو اپنی عبادت کے لیے تخلیق کیا۔ "
انسان کو زندگی گزارنے کے لیےاسلامی دستور دیا اور حکم دیا کہ اسلام (دین)کواختیار کرو، جیسے فرمایا
﴿ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً ﴾218
"اسلام میں مکمل طور پر داخل ہو جاؤ۔ "
اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآن میں یہ اعلان فرما دیا کہ اسلام پر کوئی عمل نہ کرے تو اس کا کوئی عمل قبول نہیں ہوگا
﴿ وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآَخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ ﴾219
"جو شخص اسلام کے کے سوا اور دین تلاش کرے ، اس کا دین قبول نہیں کیا جائے گااور وہ آخرت میں نقصان پانے والوں میں ہو گا۔ "
انسان کی کامیابی کا دارومدار اسلام پر عمل کرنے سے ہے چنانچہ غیر مسلموں کو اللہ تعالیٰ نے تبلیغ دین، وعظ ونصیحت اور جدال بالاحسن سے کام لینے کا حکم دیا ہے تاکہ زیادہ سے زیادہ انسان اخروی فلاح کےمستحق قرار پائیں۔ لہذا جہاں اسلام غیروں کو اپنے دامن رحمت میں پناہ دینے کے لیے نہ صرف تیار ہے بلکہ ان کے لیے راستے بھی ہموار کرتاہے اور ہر ممکن طریقہ اختیار کرتا ہے تاکہ وہ مسلمان ہو کر فلاح کے مستحق قرار پائیں اور اپنے ماننے والوں کو تو اسلام بہانے سے نوازتا ہے۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ اسلام نے مرتد کی سزا قتل رکھی ہے تاکہ کوئی اسلام کے دامن سے نکلنے کی نہ سوچے ، جیسا کہ ارشاد...
John Rawls, an American Political Philosopher worked on the very idea of justice in his writings throughout his life. He was of the opinion that an institution is just and fair only when its principles and rules are prepared to benefit all the members of the society equally and if there is an unequal distribution then it must advantage all of them especially the ones who are least i.e. Needy. The political institutions must shape up such kind of policies in order for the development of the wellbeing of the individuals in the society by providing them with resources, opportunities, basic necessities etc. Equally. Whereas, the conception of social justice is also based on equality and the human rights where they could be treated as free and equals i.e. An egalitarian society. In this research paper we will analyze the significance of John Rawl’s theory
Potato is the third most important food crop which requires high fertilizer that leads to environmental pollution. The use of biofertilizer is environment friendly and cost effective hence is suitable for sustainable agriculture. In this study, 44 bacterial isolates including mostly Azospirillum, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium spp. were isolated from potato rhizosphere of which 32 were able to fix atmospheric N2 and 29 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Strains showed high metabolic and genetic diversity based on BioLog, ERIC and BOX-PCR analysis. Out of potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) tested for inoculation response in potato, it was observed that the N2 fixation (%Ndfa) decreases with the increase in applied N for Rhizobium sp. TN04 and Azospirillum sp. TN09 whereas no effect was observed for Azospirillum sp. TN03. Azospirillum sp. TN09 showed the highest %Ndfa among three tested isolates. Under field conditions, Azospirillum spp. TN03, TN09 and Rhizobium sp. TN04, Rhizobium sp. TN04 increased plant height (18%), dry weight (18.5%) tuber dry weight (14%) and tuber yield (19%). Azospirillum, Brevundimonas and Rhizobium spp. also maintain substantial population with potato roots. Metagenomics were employed to study total bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of potato from major potato growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan showed that structural community (based on 16S rRNA) is almost similar across all the regions whereas functional diversity (based on nifH) of diazotrophs is mostly variable. Abundance of diazotrophs (108-1010 copies of nifH g-1 of soil) changed among regions. Pyrosequencing of nifH validated maximum diversity in Sheikhupura (446 species) whereas minimum in Gujranwala area (291 species). Overall in the potato rhizosphere, most abundant class was α-proteobacteria followed by β-proteobacteria. The study concludes that abundance of different genera varies across different regions due to many biotic and abiotic factors. Azospirillum spp. TN03, TN09 and Rhizobium sp. TN04 omnipresent and have potential to improve potato yield up to 15-19% subsequently saving 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, are recommended as potential candidates for biofertilizer production for potato crop. The study also shows that potato harbor a diverse range of novel diazotrophs (not known earlier) which opens new horizons for future prospects.