تعقبات ابن العراقي واستدراكاته في تحفة التحصيل على العلائي في جامع التحصيل

The research reveals significant insights cited by Ibn Al ‘Irāqī in his book "Toḥfah Al Taḥṣīl" on the illusions of Al-‘Alā'ī in his book "Jāmi Al Taḥṣīl". It highlights the scientific value of those illusions that Ibn Al-‘Irāqī pointed out. Several of them are related to narrators of hadith and their issues of hearing from their sheikhs. Many of those illusions are related to the chain narrators (isnad), the main text of the report (matn), or their position in the books of sunnah. There are no previous studies on this subject. I put the sequential insights I revel under headlines through which one can realize the illusions that Al-Ala'i fell in. I conclude with the perceptions that both Ibn Al-‘Iraqī and Al-‘Alā’ī have shared. I don’t mention my opinion after each insight for Ibn Al-‘Iraqī; however, my silence is an approval to what he said. When I went against him or it was important to mention any comment or information, I openly said my opinion and explained the reasons for my opposition. Some of the research findings are: Al-Ala'i ignores mentioning the narrator's gap (irsal), although Al-Mizzī mentions it in his book "Tahdhīb", or the scholars mention it before both of them.  He describes the narrator having a gap (irsāl) and attributes it to Al-Mizzī.  He added notes like "he didn't encounter him" and formulated expressions that weren’t mentioned by neither Al Dhahabī nor Al-Mizzī. He references a Ḥadīth to a book that it is not included in.

Bioactivity and Biochemical Profiling of Paganum Harmala and Cichorium Intybus under Stress Conditions

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential of antimicrobial activities of Paganum harmala and Cichorium intybus and biochemical profile under stress conditions. Seedling of Paganum harmala and Cichorium intybus were induced with fungus Aspergillus niger. The plant material was harvested at different dpi (day post inoculation) and extracted in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH: 7.2). Protein content of all the harvested samples were determined by Bradford method and was found higher at dpi 3 and dpi 4. The different biochemical profile were also documented like peroxidase (POD), α-amylase, proteases and catalases. The selected extract was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex G-200. Most of the extracts exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Tricohderma harzianum, Helmenthosporium myedis and selected bacterial strain, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida and Bacillus subtilis. Gel filtration and ion exchange fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity and fraction with higher antimicrobial activity was subjected to SDS-PAGE. Significant results were observed for choloform extract with inhibition zone (26±0.6) mm of Cichorium intybus and n-butanol extract with zone of inhibition (22±0.04)mm of Paganum harmala respectively. On the basis of these phyotochemical screening, it is concluded that these medicinal plants were rich source of different biological active phytoconstituents. It was found conspicuous antimicrobial activity of different organic extracts. It was also depicted from the current study that the plant extracts also exhibited the antioxidant activity conducted on the pBR322 DNA induced by UV and H2O2. In addition, essential oil of these plants were extracted using super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) system. GC-MS analysis of essential oil of P. harmala and Cichorium intybus revealed 33 and 34 compounds respectively. These essential oils also showed highly significant antimicrobial activities against the selected microbial species. The current research study explored the selected medicinal plant in a very comprehensive fashion and presented their different medicinal and biological aspects. In future these results may be used for industrial scale extraction and isolation of different bioactive lead compounds using state of art techniques, which will find place in herbal industry and also be usable as natural biopreservative.