منبعِ معرفت ، آگہی ہے وحی
نُور ہی نُور ہے ، روشنی ہے وحی
آپؐ کی بات بھی ، ربّ ہی کی بات ہے
آپؐ کی گفتگو کی لڑی ہے وحی
پوری انسانیت کے لیے رہنما
اور کوئی نہیں ، بس وحی ہے وحی
آسمانوں سے گو اِس کو بھیجا گیا
پر زمیں سے کہیں پھوٹتی ہے وحی
جھوٹ اور مکر کے جال کو توڑ کر
حق کی تائید بس کر رہی ہے وحی
اِس بنا، حیثیت زندگی کی ہے کیا
جسم میں رُوح تو پھونکتی ہے وحی
Plagiarism is a cheating in form of stealing the ideas or language of others, which is morally and ethically crime and it's also an offense. In the field of education plagiarism is an academic fraud, therefore it is considered a theft. In material world the things which belong to us are considered our property; same is the case in academic world ideas, concepts words and work which belong to us are known as "intellectual property". Thus, we cannot use or cite others’ academic work without permission. Islam is the only religion that advocates for knowledge seeking and sharing with others. So sharing useful knowledge is Sadqa-e-Jāriyia. But this does not mean to attain knowledge and overlook the real source of knowledge. In this connection individual has to give credit whenever one uses the work of others anywhere. Hence, if we are using the work of others and do not cite the source and acknowledge the real author, we indulge ourselves in "Plagiarism" or in academic fraud. So in this scenario, academic world copyright or authorship is important. In recent terminology these are known as "intellectual property rights". In present era deceiving and harming of others has become common. In academia, "intellectual frauds" are more common nowadays. The objective of this article is to highlight the Islamic perspective in the avoidances of plagiarism. In this regard, Qur᾽ānic verses and Ahādīth have been used for exploring how Islam has indicated the avoidances of plagiarism. The main theme of this paper is to highlight and explore the Islamic vision regarding the academic theft and current preventive practices in Pakistan. It is suggested & concluded that in Islam plagiarism is prohibited. It also indicates the terms & conditions for the use of academic work of other scholars. There is dire need that the Muslim experts should also revive new Islamic copyright rules and regulation for honest academic writing.
Inorganic nanoparticles based assembly of ‘all-in-one’ multifunctional nanocomposites has been synthesized for in vitro magnetic resonance imaging, pH sensitive, light-triggered and magnetic field triggered drug release and for combined phototochemotherapy. Development of dual encapsulated antibody-targeted photosensitizing liposomes for in vivo imaging and combined phototochemotherapy is also demonstrated. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocomposites (IONCs) were formed through a microwave-assisted green approach using fruits peel extracts as reducing and capping agents. This involves the stabilization of IONCs through co-ordination of different phytochemicals. The IONCs were extensively characterized for structural, elemental, magnetic and physicochemical analysis, and were found physically and chemically stable with a shelf life stability of 20 days, an average size of 23.35 ± 4.99 nm and mean band gap value of 2.8 ± 0.17 eV. IONCs exhibited excellent water dispersibility, colloidal stability and haemocompatibility. High saturation magnetization (58.8 ± 3.08 emu/g) coupled with superparamagnetic property makes IONCs ideal candidates for magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery application. Relatively high r2 relaxivity 228.25 mM-1 s-1 were found 1.2 folds higher than the commercial Resovist®. Cell viability assay data revealed that PEGylation or carboxylation of these IONCs appear to significantly shield the surface of the particles. Nickel Oxide based core-shell nanoconstruct with Doxorubicin loaded core and folic acid connected BSA shell (NDOX@BSA-FA) induced approximately 5 folds higher cell killing than the NiO through photo triggered DOX release and in vitro ROS production from the NiO core. The entrapped drug from NDOX@BSA-FA was released in sustained way in a pH sensitive environment while a robust release was observed on photoirradiation. The Diphenylbenzofuran (DPBF), Tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) assays revealed the photodynamic treatment potential of these core shell nanoconstructs. Further, the combined effect of DOX and NiO from NDOX@BSA-FA demonstrated an eight fold higher effective photokilling when compared with the free DOX. The merits of naturally occurring polysaccharides chitosan(CS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and natural protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were combined with magnetic NiFe2O4 (NFs) cores and chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel (PTX), to design PTX and NFs loaded bionanocomposites (BNC) with folic acid (FA) modified surface for potential biomedical applications. Nontoxicity, hydrophilicity, and cancer-specific capability of these biopolymers endow the magnetic cores with excellent aqueous dispersibility as well as the 2 “stealth” property, which may prolong the circulation time of the BNC in blood stream. These BNC showed superior transversal relaxation rate r2 of 349 mM-1 s-1 along with folate receptor-targeted and magnetically directed functions were found physically and chemically stable over a period of 60 days. Application of an external magnetic field effectively enhanced the PTX release with 2 folds higher selectivity of folate conjugates when compared with nonfolate conjugates. A robust, physically, chemically and optically stable photosensitizing liposomal platform has been successfully developed, comprising hydrophobic photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative molecules within the phospholipid bilayer as a lipid conjugate and surface density of strained cyclooctyne moieties was optimized to mediate copper free click conjugation of photosensitizing liposomes to azido functionalized antibodies. A successful formulation of near infrared deep tissue imaging dyes into antibody-targeted photosensitizing liposomes designed for in vivo tumor imaging has been achieved. Further we developed targeted Lyso Pc-BPD and Carboplatin/Gemcitabine coencapsulated photosensitizing liposomes by loading the chemotherapeutics within antibody targeted photosensitizing liposomal formulations in all aspects of synthesis, characterization, validation and reproducibility for combined chemo and photodynamic therapy. Integration of multifunctional probes and conjugation strategies push the boundaries of combination therapies beyond the conventional monotherapies.