Regional Taxes and Levies Contribution to the Increase of Regional Original Income

This study aims to determine how to determine the contribution of regional taxes and levies to the increase in local revenue at the Regional Revenue Agency of Mamuju Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The analytical technique used in this research is to conduct field studies and literature studies. Based on the results of data analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the contribution of local tax revenues has increased in 2013-2014 while in 2015-2017 experienced fluctuating symptoms in each type of tax. Then the contribution of regional levies changes which fluctuate every year in the period 2013-2017. As well as local tax revenues and regional levies contribute to increasing the original revenue of the Mamuju Regency.

National Identity Construction in Pakistani Media After 9/11

This study intends to analyze national identity construction in Pakistani print media after 9/11. A review of literature indicates that the past research has mostly focused on framing image of Pakistan in international media that guides to explore how Pakistani indigenous media frames our national identity. Framing theory and social identity theory have been utilized to ascertain the role of Pakistani media in framing national identity. This study adopted mixed methods approach. It employed quantitative and qualitative content analysis of Pakistani leading daily English and Urdu newspapers including The News, Dawn, Daily Jang and Daily Nawa-i-Waqt from 2001-2015. Semiotic analysis of selected pictures and discourse analysis of selected news items were also conducted. The sample was drawn following systematic sampling. The unit of analysis were news stories and published pictures. Results from quantitative and qualitative content analysis of news stories indicated that Pakistani English and Urdu press framed positive identity of Pakistan. Analysis of the pictures revealed that positive frames were employed more than negative frames to depict Pakistan and its people. On the other side, discourse analysis revealed that Pakistani press constructed a positive self that is strong, cooperative, confident, peace-loving, and sovereign while presented India, USA, and Afghanistan as negative other in the news stories. Pakistani press also self-othered the terrorists and constructed Pakistani self as a victim of terrorism not terrorists. This finding documents the perspective of self-othering to be added to the application of social identity theory.