اجوکی کافی دا وڈا شاعر: افضال حسین گیلانی

اجوکی   کافی دا وَڈا  شاعر: افضال حسین گیلانی Kafi is a genre of Poetry that is found in the poetry of Sufis. It contains accessories such as Naat, Manqabat, and Qasida where the state of distance and the pleasure of connection are maintained. Kafi began with Shah Hussain and many Sufi poets experimented with it. One of them is Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani who has described Kafi as a classical tradition as well as a contemporary one. This article discusses Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani's Kafies.

Crossbreed Pilot Plant Membrane Separation of Surfactants from Wastewater Using Fused Magnetite Carbon Nanocomposite As an Adsorbent

Fused magnetite carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) have been prepared from peanut and almond shells by co-precipitation method. The characterization of the prepared materials were carried out via different techniques such as BET/BJH surface area, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and point zero charge (PZC). The SEM, XRD and FTIR results indicated the existence of iron oxide as adsorbate materials on the surface of MCNC. The BET surface area of peanut and almond MCNC are 112.45 and 74.99 m2g-1 respectively and BJH pore size distribution are 66.80 and 61.08 m2g-1 respectively, whereas, the total pore volume and pore diameter of both MCN are 0.068 and 0.073 cm3g-1 and 14.95 and 15.55 Ao respectively. The FTIR spectra of MCNC shows the surface functional groups such as carboxylic acid, phenols and ether groups.The bands at the 580 cm-1 for FeO. The pHpzc of peanut and almond MCNC were found to be 7.8 and 7.7 respectively.The removal of surfactants such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyldimethylethyl ammonium bromide (CDEAB), Triton-x 100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from wastewater were investigation by using fused magnetite carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) adsorbent. During equilibration process of adsorption, the equilibrium was established with one hour for all surfactants. From the adsorption kinetics of surfactants it was concluded that the process of adsorption was initially fast up to 10 minutes and then slow down. The kinetic parameters were recorded initially for both 1st, 2nd order pseudo kinetics, power function, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models. Pseudo 2nd order kinetics and Intraparticle diffusion models were found best fits to the adsorption kinetics data. Moreover the contact time, pH effect, ionic strength, adsorbent quantity, initial concentration and temperature on MCNC adsorption were performed. Interestingly after the adsorption process methanol, sodium hydroxide and distillated water use to regenerate the MCNC. Different thermodynamic parameters like rate constant (K), ∆?°, ∆?° and ∆?° were determined using the Van’t Hoff equation. Adsorption isotherm study for CTAB, CDEAB, Triton-x 100 and SDS on MCNC were also investigated. Different linear model were used for knowing the adsorption phenomenon such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Jovanovich. Freundlich and jovanovich equation was found best fitted to the adsorption data. Modified enhanced permeate flux (J) as well as percent retention of surfactants were investigated through crossbreed pilot plant membrane process i.e. MCNC/UF (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/ultrafiltration), MCNC/NF (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/nanofiltration) and MCNC/RO (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/ reverse osmosis). The 100 percent removal of surfactants was achieved through MCNC/RO (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/reverse osmosis) membrane.