لوگ ندیم ندیم کہے ہیں
یہ شاعر اور اس کی شاعری ایک ایسے خوابیدہ شہر میں پَل کر جوان ہوئے ہیں،جس کے باشندے سنہری شباہتوں کے ساتھ ساتھ ایک شان ِ بے نیازی بھی رکھتے ہیں۔اسی ماحول کے ساتھ ساتھ ہمارایہ ندیم پروان چڑھا ہے، ندیم سے میری پہلی ملاقات کب ہوئی ،معلوم نہیں،البتہ میں اس کے ’’یک بوسہ ودواشک ‘‘کی دل چسپ داستان سے خوب واقف ہوں۔ایسا شاگرد جو آپ کی آنکھوں کے سامنے ترقی کرتے ہوئے آپ کا رفیق ِکار بن جائے،اُس نوجوان دوست کے ساتھ ہونے والی گفتگوئوں میںزندگی کے کون کون سے رطب ویابس زیرِبحث نہیں آئے ہوں گے؟ندیم نے کالج کے زمانے میں شاعری ،افسانہ نگاری اور نقدونظرکی دنیامیں ایک ساتھ قدم رکھا۔یہ شعری مجموعہ اس کے افکار وتفلسف کا پہلاعکس ہے۔ اس کے مشتملات میں موجود غزلوں اور نظموں پر ناصر کاظمی کے گہرے اثرات ہیں ۔محمدندیم صادق نے اس کابرملا اعتراف بھی کیا ہے:
لوگ پوچھتے ہیں کیا غم ہے
رنگ ترا بھی ناصر سا ہے
میر و ناصر میرے مرشد
مجھ پر ان کا رنگ چڑھا ہے
’’تنہائی کا دکھ گہرا تھا‘‘
ناصر یہ بھی تو کہتا ہے
ناصر کی ’’پہلی بارش‘‘ میں
صادق پورا بھیگ چکا ہے
چاندکے ہم راہ پیدل سفرکرنے والا،شیرازی کبوتروں سے کرب وبلا کے واقعات روایت کرنے والا،راج ماتاکے تاج سے موتی چرانے والی چڑیا کی کھوج میں رہنے والا،ناصرکاظمی،ہماری جدید غزل کا ایک اہم سنگ میل ہے،سکول کے دنوں میں علی گڑھ کے فارغ التحصیل ایک مہربان بزرگ نے مجھے ناصر کاظمی کا اولین شعری مجموعہ ’’برگِ نے‘‘ بطور تحفہ عطاکیا۔اس کتاب نے مجھے شعرکی ایک انوکھی طلسم ہوش رباتک رسائی دی۔ اس کے مندرجات نے میرے جیسے مبتدی کے لیے امکانات کا ساتواں درکھول دیا۔آہستہ آہستہ شعروسخن کی نئی نئی وادیوںکی سیر کی، بہت سا وقت گزرگیالیکن ناصرکاظمی کی شاعری آج بھی زندگی کی...
Reformation of Moral Philosophy and its Foundation in Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) Though, the twenty first century is passing through a great development in the field of science, intellect, education and technology, human beings seem spiritually and ethically in a more miserable condition day by day. We observe inflation in the problems and complications regarding their solutions in human societies with every passing day. Today’s man is highly engaged in universe and its enquiry, we are developing knowledge and physical efforts for taking control over all phenomena of universe, but in this effort, we lost our capability of good values and ethics mostly. In such conditions, the one and only personality, the Ambassador of peace, beloved Muhammad ﷺ is the source of guidance, by whom the spirit of a man could meet with peace and stability. But the solution of this major problem never can be just adopting his ethical teachings and the rejection of bad actions. If so, then the thousands of past writings about the issue have brought the revolution already on the face of the earth. Modern philosophy of ethics and Morality is based upon the concept of relativity as “Good” or “bad” is not universal truth at all. For this reason, it is less effective in terms of practicality. The roots of philosophical concepts we find in the teachings of Prophet’s Muhammad (ﷺ). Have no enigmas and ambiguity Morality. Promoting the prophetic philosophy of Ethics and Morality can change the behavior of man automatically rather than forcefully. In this article, effort has been made to critically analyze the modern Moral philosophy in the light of Sῑrah of the Holy Prophetﷺ. Analytical and critical research methodology is adopted in this study.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are being widely utilized in agriculture due to their biopesticide and biofertilizer potential. The indigenous PGPR inhabiting certain hosts can act as potent bioinoculants due to their native habitat and acclimatization to the environment. In current study, rhizobacterial mediated suppression of blast disease was investigated. Four hundred and fifty indigenous isolates were obtained from rice rhizosphere to assess their antagonism towards rice blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae. Only 100 isolates showed antagonistic activity. Twenty out of 100 isolates inhibited the mycelium growth of P. oryzae by 30–65% in vitro. Five strains, KFP-5, KFP-7, KFP-12, KFP- 17 and KFP-18, showing 63–65% antagonism towards P. oryzae, were tested for the production of biocontrol determinants and suppression of blast disease in rice plants. The antagonistic strains produced various biocontrol determinants such as the hydrolytic enzymes, protease, glucanase and cellulase with solubilization zone diameters of 10–19, 4.2–14.5 and 2–13.5 mm respectively and siderophores with zone diameter of 7–12 mm. The antagonistic strains also solubilized potassium, phosphorus and zinc from inorganic sources with solubilization zones of 2.1–3.2, 2.3–3.6 and 1.7-2.9 mm respectively. Three antagonistic strains, KFP-5, KFP-7 and KFP-17 significantly suppressed blast disease with a disease score 1.1–1.9 and increased yield of rice grown in pot. The antagonistic strains, KFP-5, KFP-7 and KFP-17 significantly induced the antioxidant enzymes against P. oryzae infection in rice and secrete biocontrol determinants in rhizosphere. They induced the activity of superoxide dismutase (1.7-1.9 fold), peroxidase (3.5-4.1 fold), polyphenol oxidase (3.0-3.8 fold), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (3.9-4.4 fold), in rice leaves and roots under hydroponic and soil conditions. The antagonistic strains also secreted multiple biocontrol determinants like protease (1.1-5.5 U/mg of soil or U/mL of hydroponic solution), glucanase, (1.0-1.3 U/mg of soil or U/mL of xii hydroponic solution), siderophores (6.5-42.8 µg/mL or mg) in the rhizosphere of different rice varieties. These antagonistic strains also exhibited bio efficacy under field conditions. They significantly reduced disease severity by 40-52% with grain yield of 3.2-3.9 ton ha-1 in rice. The bioantagonists significantly colonized the rice rhizosphere with a cell population of 2.40E+06-5.6E+07 CFU/g of soil. Rice plants treated with antagonistic bacterial suspension followed by challenge inoculation with P. oryzae were found to have higher enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (308-266 Ug-1 FW), peroxidase (change in absorbance (∆A) = 0.20-0.71 min-1 g-1FW), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (∆A = 0.32-0.59 min-1 g-1 FW) and polyphenol oxidase (∆A = 0.29-0.58 min-1 g-1 FW). A consistent performance of the strains was observed during consecutive two years. The potent antagonistic strains were identified as Bacillus spp. strains KFP-5 (Gene bank Accession No KT380825), Bacillus spp. KFP-7 (Gene bank Accession No KT380826) and Bacillus spp. KFP-17 (Gene bank Accession No KJ719446) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These findings suggest that indigenous Bacillus spp. could be a potential bioinoculum for rice to control blast diseases and enhance yield.