نور حسین نور میواتی(۱۹۴۵ء۔پ) چوہان کی ریاست الور(بھارت) کے علاقہ سپوات میں پیدا ہوئے ۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد ان کے والدین بھارت سے ہجرت کر کے موضع رام رائیاں تحصیل ڈسکہ میں آباد ہو گئے۔ (۱۰۰۴) نور میواتی نظم گو اور غزل گو شاعرہیں۔ ان کے ہاں روایت اور جدت کا امتزاج ملتا ہے۔ وہ طبقاتی تفاوت کے خلاف اپنی شاعری میں نفرت آمیز احتجاج کی صدا بلند کرتے نظر آتے ہیں۔ ان کے ہاں سیاسی اور سماجی شعور بھی ملتا ہے۔ انھیں بھوک، غربت، جبر ،اقربا پروری اور نا انصافی سے نفرت ہے۔ وہ اپنی شاعری میں ظلم و ستم ،بد امنی ،خوف ،دہشت گردی اور منافقت سے بھر پور استحصالی نظام کے خلاف صدائے احتجاج بلند کرتے نظر آتے ہیں:
رہتے ہیں شب و روز دھماکوں کے جہاں میں
ہر صبح نئی آہ و بکا دیکھ رہا ہوں
مکتب میں سیاست کی ہوا دیکھ رہا ہوں
قانون کو پاؤں میں دبا دیکھ رہا ہوں
â۱۰۰۵)
نور میواتی کی شاعری مبالغہ آرائی سے پاک ہے ۔وہ ایک حقیقت پسند انسان اور فنکار ہیں۔ وہ اپنی فن کاری میں حقیقت اور حق گوئی کو نظر انداز نہیں کر تے۔ سچائی اور صداقت ان کی شاعری کی ایک اہم خوبی ہے۔ انسانی زندگی غم اور خوشی کا مجموعہ ہے۔ ایسا نہیں کہ جس کے پاس غم ہے اس کے پاس خوشی نہیں اور ایسا بھی نہیں کہ جس کا دامن خوشیوں سے بھرا ہووہ غم سے دو چار نہیں ہوتا۔ میواتی انسان کی زندگی کی تلخ حقیقت کو جا بجا اپنی شاعری میں بیان کرتے ہیں:
گلوں کے دیس میں کانٹے بھی مہک جاتے ہیں
فضائے برق میں غنچے بھی دہک جاتے ہیں
â۱۰۰۶)
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It is estimated by studying the history that the imagination of life was limited before the appearance of Islam. A new era started after the arrival of Islam. Revolution came in thoughts and ideas. Every department was effected even poetry, literature and language pleasantly effected. A revolution created in the Arabic literature after the revelation of the Holy Quran even it taught the rituals of representation of emotions along with facial and spiritual beauty to the Arabic literature. Arabic language is full of knowledge and thoughts of whole world today and the axis of Arabic language and literature is the Holy Quran. The resources of ignorant literature which we get today was collected to save and understand the language of the Holy Quran. For example to eliminate the linguistic flaws, grammar science came into being and rhetoric science came into being to prove Quranic miracle and language and literature came into being to explain the poor words, and Hadith, tafseer, fiqah and other sciences came into being for religious laws. The Holy Quran changed the direction of literature towards justice, service to humanity and support of right and truth and chastity and modesty and God-worship. It gave appropriate dignified styles to explain every topic and invited to work by using reasons and thoughts. Arabic language is effected by the Holy Quran in such a way that it softened the hard and ruthless hearts of Arabs and made the surface wisdom heavy and solid by entering in it. Could not get effected by Holy Quran as the level which prose got benefit. The prose got more shine in the time of Khulafa-e-rashidin when victories increased, boundaries of Islamic state expanded and political and developmental issues increased. It is a fact that Arabic prose got too high as compared to the Arabic poetry due to the Holy Quran.
Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] belongs to the family Poaceae which is one of the most tolerant and widely distributed turf and fodder grasses. It has cosmopolitan nature and specific adaptations to a variety of environmental hazards. Naturally adapted populations of C. dactylon from different regions of the Punjab, Pakistan were established in the study area, Old Botanic Garden, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad in normal (nonsaline) and saline soil. Experiment for salt stress (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) was arranged in two factor factorial (ecotypes and salt levels) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replications in hydroponic system with half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD for comparison of mean values of the data was statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel, Minitab statistical software and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) technique. Correlation coefficient was drawn between morphoagronomical, anatomical and physio-biochemical characteristics. Overall salt stress decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot length, number of tillers Plant-1, number of roots Plant-1, number of leaves Plant-1, flag leaf area, internode length, number of stomata, stomatal size, epidermal thickness, phloem area, net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents. However increasing effect of salt stress was observed on root length, sclerenchymatous thickness, aerenchyma cells, cortical cell area, metaxylem area, bulliform cell area, trichomes length and density, stomatal conductance water use efficiency, accumulation of Na+ and Cl- along with Ca2+, proline, glycine betaine, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Of all ecotypes, Derawar fort saline desert (DF-SD) ecotype and Pakanna-hyper saline (PA-HS) ecotypes accomplished better under high salinities than their counterparts from the moderately saline Kalar Kahar lake saline (KKL-S) and Pakanna reclaimed field (PA-RF) and least saline Muzaffargarh river bank (M-RB) and Botanical garden (BG-NS). All the ecotypes on the basis of shoot biomass production, root growth and various physio-biochemical and anatomical features, can be rated according to their degree of salt tolerance as DF-SD>PAHS> UL-HS>KL-HS>KKL-S>S-HS>S-SW>PA-RF>T-W>M-RB>BG-NS. In conclusion, all ecotypes adopt very specific strategy/mechanism to cope high salinities, which indicates the change in their genetic makeup during long evolutionary history.