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Study of Multiferroic and Optical Properties of Pure and Divalent Doped Bifeo3

Thesis Info

Author

Shahzad Hussain

Supervisor

S K Hasanain

Department

Department of Physics, QAU

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

138

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS / Ph.D / PHY / 1098

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676718689191

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معافی نامہ

معافی نامہ

ذواالفقار علی بھٹو جیل میںبیٹھے کچھ لکھ رہے تھے کہ ڈپٹی کمیشنر سعید مہدی نے اندر داخل ہو کر سلام کیا ۔بھٹو نے اوپر کی طرف دیکھ کر پوچھا کیوں آئے ہو ؟سعید مہدی نے کہا سر معافی نامے کے کاغذات لایا ہوں اس پر دستخط کر دیں ۔بھٹو نے کاغذ اپنے ہاتھ میں لیے اور پوچھا یہ کس نے بھیجا ہے ۔سعید مہدی نے جواب دیا جنرل ضیاء الحق نے ۔بھٹو نے مسکراتے ہو ئے پوچھا مجھے جا نتے ہو ۔سعید مہدی نے جواب دیا ’’سر آ پ کو کون نہیں جانتا ۔آپ ذواالفقار علی بھٹو ہیں ۔بھٹو نے پوچھا میرے باپ کو جانتے ہو اس نے کہا سر بالکل سر شاہنواز بھٹو کو بھی سب جا نتے ہں ۔بھٹو نے اوپر دیکھ کر پوچھا جنرل ضیاء الحق کے باپ کو جانتے ہو سعید مہدی نے نفی میں سر ہلا کر no sirبھٹو نے اس اسے کاغذات واپس دیتے ہوئے کہا جا ئو اسے کہو جس کے باپ کا کچھ پتہ نہیں ذواالفقار علی بھٹو اس سے معافی کی درخواست کیسے کرسکتا ہے ۔

 

Education As a Catalyst of Personality Development: A Case Study of ‘Omar Bin Khattāb R. A

The individual’s personality, character, thinking, skills and habits depends upon education. Education helps in the growth and boost the qualities of an individual such as physical, mental and emotional make-up as well as temperament and character. This paper enlightens the significant role of education in developing and mounting the personality of ‘Omar Ibn alKhattāb (R.A). He was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs. His vibrant ideology of superiority of principles and laws made him eminent among his acquaintances. He was a man of determination and a mission, therefore, he thought, evaluated and acted according to it. He established a system of justice, morality, education and training. He was born as an ordinary‘Omar but education and guidance of Islam made him “‘Omar The Great”. This paper ends with the note that a balanced, successful and well-adjusted personality can be designed only by educating the individuals. Educational institutions, religious organizations and enrich culture play an important role in shaping the sturdy personality as is evident in case of ‘Omar(R.A).

Efficacy Studies of Vitamin a Fortified Cookies in Pregnant and Lactating Women

Present project was planned to alleviate the vitamin A deficiency in pregnant and lactating women by providing vitamin A fortified cookies. For the purpose, cookies were prepared by adding two vitamin A fortificants i.e. retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate separately @ 30, 40 and 50% RDA of pregnant (750μg) and lactating (1200μg) women. During storage studies, moisture content and TBA no. of the cookies were increased from 2.51 to 2.84% and 0.40 to 0.69mg malenaldehyde/Kg, respectively. Vitamin A losses during baking and storage ranged from 7.95 to 15.79% and 8.02 to 9.69%, respectively, among the treatments. On the basis of physico-chemical analysis, baking & storage stability and sensoric attributes, T 4 (50% of RDA; retinyl acetate) and T 7 (50% of RDA; retinyl palmitate) were selected for efficacy purposes. Selected treatments (Five cookies; 50g per day) along with placebo were provided to the respective groups of vitamin A deficient pregnant women in third trimester. Retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate fortified cookies significantly enhanced the level of serum retinol 18.51% and 21.56% in pregnant women and 9.43 and 12.84% in lactating mothers, respectively. In placebo group, the serum retinol level was significantly decreased up to 9.32% during pregnancy with a non-significant increase 1.81% during lactation. Collectively, the serum retinol level showed a significant increase of 29.69% and 37.16% in retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate groups, respectively during six months whereas, a significant decrease (7.68%) was found in placebo group. Moreover, significant decrease was observed in retinyl esters level during pregnancy and lactation period; 35.90 and 32.00% in retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate groups, respectively. Similarly, the placebo group also showed significant decrease in retinyl esters (64.84%). The level of β- carotene showed significant decrease in all treatments during pregnancy and lactation. Overall, T 1 (placebo) differed entirely from other groups with 36.45% decrease as compared to groups receiving retinyl acetate (8.18%) and retinyl palmitate (6.98%) fortified cookies. Red blood cells (RBC) indices like, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly decreased in experimental groups during pregnancy, however, RBC indices depicted a significant increase in all groups during lactation. Collectively, a momentous increase in hemoglobin level was observed in women consuming retinyl acetate (12.31%) and retinyl palmitate (16.01%) in six months, while decrease of 6.15% was observed in placebo. The consumption of retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate fortified cookies exhibited non-significant effects on renal & liver functions tests and lipid profile showing safety and suitability of these fortificants. Furthermore, retinyl palmitate was found to be more effective than retinyl acetate to uplift the serum retinol level in pregnant and lactating women. The upshots of the present investigation revealed that the cookies fortified with retinyl acetate and palmitate had potential to uplift serum vitamin A level in vulnerable segments with special reference to pregnant and lactating women.