کلیاتِ مکاتیبِ اقبال مرتبہ سید مظفر حسین برنی کا تنقیدی جائز
تحقیق اور تنقید کا کام ایمانداری اور خلوص کا طلبگار ہوتا ہے۔تدوین و ترتیب سے مفکر کے نظریات کو محفوظ کر لیا جاتا ہے۔برنی نے اقبال کے خطوط مرتب کیے۔ یہ اہم ادبی کارنامہ ہے جو قابلِ تحسین ہے۔آپ کے اس کام پر مثبت اور منفی ہر دو طرح کی رائیں پائی جاتی ہیں۔ خطوط مرتب کرنا آسان کام نہیں تھا۔اقبال کے خطوط کا دائرہ بہت وسیع ہے۔انہیں یک جا کرنا بہت مشکل تھا۔برنی نے بہت ہی دشوار راہوں سے گزر کر یہ مرحلہ طے کیا ہے۔اس طرح اقبال کے خطوط تک رسائی آسان ہوئی ہے۔ کام طویل تھا اس لیے اغلاط بھی سرزد ہوئی ہیں۔کچھ کی نشاندہی بھی ہوئی ہے۔ برنی کی مرتبہ یہ کاوش تحقیق و تنقید کے نئے راستے استوار کرتی ہے۔ اس سے اقبالیات کا دامن کشادہ ہوا ہے۔
سید مظفر حسین برنی نے اقبال کے خطوط کو بڑی محنت اور جاں فشانی سے جمع کیا اور پھر انہیں تاریخی ترتیب سے درج کیا ہے۔یقینا ًاہل علم اس کاوش کو قدر کی نگاہ سے دیکھتے رہیں گے۔اقبال کے خطوط ایک پوری دستاویز کی حیثیت سے محفوظ رکھے جاتے ہیں کیونکہ اقبال نے اپنے خطوط کے ذریعے ملتِ اسلامیہ کے لیے درد مندی‘ ان کی علمی اور ذہنی ترقی‘ان کے ماضی کے عظیم کارناموں کی بازیافت‘ بعض اہم موضوعات پر مسلمانوں کے کیے ہوئے کام کو ازسر نو زندہ کرنے اور بعض مسائل پر بزرگوں سے رہنمائی لینے اور متعد د نو جوانوں کو شعروادب، فلسفہ و سیاست،علم وفن کے سلسلے میں رہنمائی دینے کا فریضہ بھی ادا کیا۔ اقبال کے ان خطوط کا مقصد بھی مسلمانوں کی حیاتِ اجتماعیہ کی تشکیلِ نو کے اسباب کی دریافت تھی اور ان کے لیے خطوط کے ذریعے ایک راہِ عمل متعین کرنا، اقبال کے پیشِ...
Background: Chronic hepatitis C infection has created a huge burden of disease causing serious health effects. The combination therapy used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection includes Pegylated interferon and Ribavirin. As cholesterol biosynthesis plays a pivotal role in HCV replication, the use of various statins has been associated with higher sustained viral response Objective: To compare the efficacy of atorvastatin plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin versus pegylated interferon and ribavirin alone in patients of chronic hepatitis C with genotype-3a Methods: This Randomized controlled trial was conducted at outpatient department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for six months i.e. May to November 2017. After ethical approval, 60patients of ages 25 to 55 years of either gender with chronic hepatitis C with genotype 3a were included in the study. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Then patients were randomly allocated into two groups “A” and “B” using random number table. Patients in Group A received standard of care treatment for chronic hepatitis C i.e. Pegylated interferon and ribavirin while the patients in Group B also received tab atorvastatin along with the standard treatment. Patients were follow up for 4 week. Blood samples were collected and HCV RNA detection. All this information were entered in proformaResults: In standard therapy group, the mean age of patients was 39.50±8.39years. In atorvastatin plus standard therapy group, the mean age of patients was 34.30±6.78years. In standard therapy group, there were 25 (83.3%) males and 5 (16.7%) females. In atorvastatin plus standard therapy group, there were 16 (53.3%) males and 14 (46.7%) females. After 4 weeks, Rapid VirologicalResponse (RVR) was achieved in 4 (13.3%) patients in standard therapy group while in 14 (46.7%) in atorvastatin plus standard therapy group. The difference was significant (p<0.05) Conclusions: Atorvastatin in combination with Pegylated interferon and ribavirin have better efficacy as compared toPegylated interferon & ribavirin alone in chronic hepatitis C-3a.
Over the past few decades organization has experienced a change from modern and structural interpretivism to the postmodern era. A postmodern perspective of organization emphasizes the ever-changing relationship between concepts and is a defensive reaction to forces intrinsic to the social bodies. This thesis signifies the influence of postmodernism whereby organization has undergone strategic change towards the emergence of new paradigms. Such paradigm shifts have the potential to keep pace with environmental changes with flexibility, efficiency and contextually appropriate response. Virtual organization is one such paradigm. It emerged as an outcome of strategic change due to globalization and changing consumer preferences. This thesis initiates an inquiry into the paradigm of virtual organization of the SME clusters in Pakistan. The thesis introduces virtual organization as a temporary combination of geographically distributed and independently working parties, linked by ICTs for exploiting the emerging market opportunities. It specifically highlights how a virtual relationship could be established among the geographically proximate SMEs using low-technology means of ICTs. This thesis puts to test a unique methodology for the study of relationship between parties, that is, the game theoretic investigation into the virtual organization, wherein, the study further attempts to explore the game theoretic modeling of relationship among enterprises forming an exclusively virtual relationship. These are several key findings and the conclusions drawn from this research. Firstly, the geographically proximate enterprises in the SME clusters can establish a virtual relationship with lesser advanced means of ICTs. Secondly, the relationship among parties in a virtual organization could be modeled in the form of a non-cooperative game in which parties join together at an optimal Nash equilibrium. Thirdly, the mutual trust and social forces work to ensure coordination at the optimum performance level. Fourthly, this research claims an initiative not only in terms of the methods but also the scope as it introduces the paradigm of virtual organization in Pakistan using game theory to model the relationship among parties.