عبدالمجید سالک
پنجاب نے اردو زبان وادب کی جونادر شخصیتیں پیدا کی ہیں۔عبدالمجید سالک مرحوم کانام ان حضرات کی صف اوّل میں تھا۔انھوں نے منشی فاضل کرکے بی۔اے کیا تھا، لیکن ذاتی مطالعہ،ذہانت اورشعروادب کے فطری ذوق کے باعث ادبی دنیا میں اس قدر شہرت حاصل کی تھی کہ ایک زمانہ میں ’زمیندار‘ اخبار میں ان کے فکاہات اور’انقلاب‘ اخبار میں ان کے’’افکاروحوداث‘‘پنجاب میں گھر گھر بڑے شوق اوردلچسپی سے پڑھے جاتے تھے اوراخبار کھولتے ہی لوگ سب سے پہلے یہی چیزیں پڑھتے تھے۔غلام رسول مہر کی طرح مرحوم بھی مولانا ظفر علی خاں کے خاص تربیت یافتہ تھے۔اردوزبان کے محاورات و امثال پر بڑا عبور رکھتے تھے اوراس وصف خاص میں استاد سے بھی سبقت لے گئے تھے۔ انھوں نے مہر صاحب کے رفیق کی حیثیت سے اردو صحافت کاایک ایسامعیار قائم کیا کہ آج بھی بہت سے اخبارات انھی کے نقش قدم پر چل رہے ہیں۔
اردو زبان کے بلند پایہ ادیب اورصحافی ہونے کے علاوہ بے تکلف اورفی البدیہہ شعر بھی کہتے تھے اوریہ غالباً مولانا ظفر علی خاں کی صحبت ہی کافیض تھا۔اب ادھر چند برسوں سے سنجیدہ تصنیف وتالیف کی طرف متوجہ ہوگئے تھے۔چنانچہ اس سلسلہ میں ان کی دوکتابیں’’ذکر اقبال‘‘اور’’ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کی تاریخ ثقافت‘‘، جس پر برہان میں تبصرہ بھی ہوچکاہے، بڑی اچھی کتابیں ہیں۔طبعاً مرحوم بھی بڑے خندہ جبیں،خندہ رو، اورفرخندہ شمائل انسان تھے۔مزاج میں اعتدال پسندی اور میانہ روی تھی یہاں تک کہ سیاسیات میں بھی اُن کامسلک معتدل ہی رہا۔وہ اردو کے ان چند خوش نصیب اخبار نویسوں میں تھے جنھوں نے محض اپنے قلم سے شہرت بھی خوب حاصل کی اوردولت بھی کافی کمائی۔ حضرت الاستاذ مولانا سید محمد انور شاہ صاحب الکشمیریؒ سے بڑی عقیدت اور محبت رکھتے تھے اوراسی تعلق سے راقم الحروف کے ساتھ ہمیشہ بڑے خلوص اورمحبت سے پیش آتے تھے۔تقسیم ہند کے...
Raja Abon Makmur Lestari's business has good potential, resulting in considerable business competition. One of the businesses that produce shredded is Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) Raja Abon Makmur Lestari. This business must apply a consumer-oriented marketing concept. The application of this concept is to determine the marketing mix consisting of product, price, promotion, and place. The purpose of this study was to analyze consumer assessments of the various attributes of shredded products and evaluate the results of the shredded product marketing mix strategy. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis, with the 4P marketing mix approach. The marketing mix strategy evaluation design involves internal parties, namely business owners, and external parties, namely consumers. The results of the discussion show that consumer assessment of products has guaranteed quality, consumer ratings of prices are in accordance with quality, consumer assessments of shredded product distribution are easy to obtain and consumer assessments of promotion by word of mouth are very efficient and easy to get information on social media. The evaluation results of the marketing mix for shredded products are in the range of 101-125. Based on this total value, it can be concluded that all the variables of the marketing mix carried out by the king of shredded and prosperous sustainable have been effective.
Global warming and uneven climatic change have augmented the drought prevalence. These dilemmas are enforcing the agri- scientist to develop some long term future policies. The aim of present study was to examine the method for improved growth and development of wheat under the premises of drought. Five wheat cultivars were used to investigate the consequence of drought on plants and it was also investigated that how hormonal priming can be helpful to cope drought. Seed of these wheat cultivars were primed in 10-4 M Gibberellic acid and Salicylic acid concentration. The response of antioxidant enzymes was variable among the non primed and primed seeds for all studied genotypes. Shahkar had the highest protease activity in primed seeds while AARI-11 had the highest amylase activity. Similarly, AARI-11, Shahkar and Chakwal-50 had the highest Superoxide dismutase activity while Shahkar and Pakistan-13 had the highest peroxidase activity. Cell membrane thermo stability, proline and relative water contents were decreased under drought stress. Hormonal priming with Gibberellic acid and Salicylic acid improved the physiological response and antioxidant enzymes activities in some genotypes under both conditions. Yield and its contributing traits yield components were lessened under the effect of drought. FSD-08 and Pakistan-13 showed maximum grain yield during control and drought condition. Priming increased the grain yield in all varieties. Grain quality characters were noticeably affected under drought stress. Hormonal seed priming was able to maintain the grain quality by minimizing the adverse effects of drought. FSD-08 was able to maintain the grain quality under normal and stress conditions. xx Drought is unavoidable under changing climatic scenario however famine can be avoided. The second experiment was conducted in order to know the mechanism of trans-generational effect of elevated carbon dioxide on winter wheat. Seeds obtained from the previous generations of ambient and elevated carbon dioxide were regrown under ambient (400ppm) and elevated (800ppm) within the green house. Drought stress was imposed for 4 days during anthesis stage and then plants were re-watered. Flag leaves were used to analyze the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant enzymes. This transgenerational effect and its enzymatic basis were not investigated previously. Results showed that glycolytic intermediates and antioxidants were enhanced under elevated carbon which ultimately increased yield. Trans-generational effect indicated that seeds had stress memory and thus maintained the effect of previous exposure. We found within source (leaf) cytoplasmic invertases, sucrose synthase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were decreased while the activity of cell wall invertases was increased under drought and elevated carbon. Similarly, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and dialyzed peroxidase were decreased under drought and elevated carbon within the sink (spike). Likewise, the activities of sucrose synthase in the source and aldolase in the sink were increased upon re-watering indicating that water is playing an important role to activate these enzymes. Similarly, lower yield was recorded under ambient carbon dioxide. These results indicate that high metabolism of sucrose synthase within the source; aldolase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase within the sink can be helpful to mitigate the drought stress under elevated carbon dioxide.