Educator Readiness Evaluation in the Implementation of Curriculum 2013 in Disadvantaged, Frontier, and Outermost Areas

This study aims to describe the readiness of educators in implementing the 2013 curriculum in the 3T area in North Gorontalo District. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The subjects in this study were school principals and educators in the 3T area school. The research result shows four things; first; Academic qualifications of educators in schools in the 3Tl area have not been fully fulfilled according to Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System Article 42 paragraph (1). Second; The Academic Competence of Educators in the 3T area is not yet fully educated with S1 academic qualifications in accordance with Article 8 of Law Number 14 of 2005. The three certificates of educators have not been fully fulfilled in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Educators and Lecturers. The fourth role of educators in realizing the goals of national education principals continues to encourage educators to continue to carry out learning innovations, especially in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum as an effort to improve professionalism as a form of role in realizing the goals of national education.

Imaging of Biological Tissues Using Diffuse Reflectance and Optical Coherence Tomography

The objective of this work was to investigate optical diffuse reflectance (ODR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) being an emerging technology in optical diagnostics. Both methodologies were implemented for measurements of optical properties and glucose levels respectively in biological tissues. The reduced scattering, absorption and total attenuation coefficients for rat‟s liver have been determined by using Mie-scattering theory, diffusion approximation equation and linear fitting to the normalized intensity. These optical parameters for normal and thermally coagulated chicken liver in the near infra red region were obtained by using Kubelka Munk Model (KMM) in correlation with diffuse reflectance. The results show a significant increase in these parameters after coagulation. Monte Carlo simulation for these results validates the experimental measurements. These optical parameters provide a base for extension of the work towards glucose monitoring in blood present in the blood vessels underneath skin. A subclass of OCT called swept source, SS-OCT was used in measurements of glucose levels in liquid phantoms and blood by analyzing temporal dynamics of scattered light. Brownian motion of the scatterers (polystyrene microspheres in phantoms and red blood cells in blood) is affected due to presence of glucose as measured by SS-OCT. The temporal analysis of Brownian motion statistics yielded the translational diffusion coefficient and viscosity of non-flowing and flowing fluids that were observed in good agreement with literature. The increase in glucose concentrations deformed red blood cells and caused rouleaux formations that were confirmed by imaging with inverted microscopes. The OCT method was successfully implemented for in vivo case scenario to obtain the translational diffusion coefficient in blood vessels. In case of in vivo application, speckle variance (SV)-OCT was used to obtain three dimensional high resolution cross- sectional imaging of blood vessels. This may be used to observe the blood viscosity modulation based changes in blood vasculatures. OCT probes for percutaneous coronary microstructures imaging have been discussed to be used for SV-OCT or Doppler OCT. This phantom and blood OCT study demonstrates the technique‟s ability to detect and quantify glucose presence in non-flowing and flowing liquid suspensions, and potential for in-vivo applications.