راجیو گاندھی
وسط مدتی انتخابات کے دوران میں مدراس کے ایک انتخابی جلسہ میں تقریر کے پروگرام سے کچھ دیر پہلے ہی ہندوستان کے سابق وزیراعظم اور انڈین نیشنل کانگریس کے صدر جناب راجیوگاندھی ایک بم دھماکے میں لُقمۂ اجل ہوگئے۔
اس وسط مدتی انتخاب کے بارے میں جہاندیدہ دانشورانِ ملک اور خودمقتول ...راجیوگاندھی یہ خدشہ ورائے ظاہر کررہے تھے کہ اس وسط مدتی انتخاب میں زبردست تشدّد کاامکان نظرآرہا ہے ۔یہ کس کومعلوم تھاکہ جس تشدّدکے امکان کااظہار کیاجارہاہے وہ ملک کی اس عظیم ہستی ہی کو اپنی منحوس لپیٹ میں لے لے گا۔مگرانہونی ہوکررہی اورملک اایک ایسے رہنما سے محروم ہوگیا جو دورِ حاضر کاہیرو تھا اور مستقبل کی روشن قندیل، اور جس سے ملک و کوبڑی بڑی امیدیں وابستہ تھیں۔
جناب راجیو گاندھی کے حادثۂ قتل میں کس پارٹی، کس گروہ ،کس ملک یا کس فرد کاہاتھ ہے اس کے بارے میں کچھ کہنا قبل از وقت ہے۔ابھی تک کسی نے اس کی ذمہ داری قبول نہیں کی ہے۔عام طور پرایل ۔ٹی۔ٹی دہشت پسندوں پرشک ظاہر کیا جارہا ہے۔اوراس کے لیے اخبارات کی اطلاع کے مطابق کچھ ٹھوس ثبوت بھی جائے واردات سے مِلے ہیں۔ جو عورت اپنے جسم پر بم باندھ و لپیٹ کر خودبھی ہلاک ہوئی ہے اور جناب راجیوگاندھی کے ساتھ اوردوسرے تیرہ افراد کوہلاک کرنے کاباعث بنی ہے اس کے متعلق بھی عام قیاس یہ ہی ہے کہ وہ ایل ٹی ٹی گروہ سے تعلق رکھتی ہے۔مگرابھی یہ سب قیاس آرائیاں ہی ہیں،یقین و قطعیت سے کچھ نہیں کہا جاسکتا ہے۔حکومتِ ہند نے تمام حادثۂ قتل کی تحقیقات کے لیے بروقت ایک کمیشن بنادیا ہے جوعرصہ تین ماہ میں اس سلسلے میں اپنی رپورٹ پیش کرے گا۔ اس سے پہلے جوبھی اس سلسلے میں اظہار ِ خیال کرے گا وہ صرف قیاسات ہی کے زمرے میں ہوگا۔اورحقیقت ویقین کاگمان کرنا...
This study was undertaken to (i) identify the relationship among personality traits, self-esteem and desire for fame and (ii) to explore the relationship of personality traits and self-esteem in prediction of desire for fame in TikTok makers. The sample was recruited through the snowball technique and consisted of 200 TikTok makers of Pakistan. The following internationally standardized scales were used: The Big Five Inventory, The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (1965) and The Desire for Fame Scale. A significant positive correlation was found between (1) openness, (2) extroversion, (3) agreeableness, (4) conscientiousness, (5) self-esteem and (6) desire for fame. Additionally, neuroticism correlated negatively with the six mentioned variables; and self-esteem significantly predicted desire for fame. Females scored higher in extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and self-esteem; whereas males scored higher in neuroticism. Also, higher levels of self-esteem and desire for fame were found in those who had increased frequency of making TikTok videos and those who belonged to big cities. In conclusion, personality traits, self-esteem and desire for fame significantly correlate with each other in TikTok makers. Researchers, social media activists, students, psychologists, and counselors can benefit from the findings of study.
Germin like proteins (GLPs) are member of a large gene family and ubiquitously expressed as plant proteins. The exact mode of action and role in metabolism is not well understood. It is believed that these putative stress proteins are expressed at various developmental stages in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The present study was designed to clone full length and 5'' abbreviated Oryza sativa Root expressed GLP2 (OsRGLP2) promoter, its genetic transformation into Arabidopsis and characterization. Cloning of full length and 5'' abbreviated OsRGLP2 promoters was carried out by employing GATEWAY™ Technology. Amplification was performed by specific primers designed on the promoter region. Recombinant entry clones were created by using pENTR/D-TOPO® cloning kit. Expression vectors were prepared by employing LR recombination reaction between recombinant entry clones and promoter less destination vector pHGWFS7. Confirmation was carried out by PCR and sequencing. Recombinant expression vectors were named as pNSS-F1 (Full length promoter) and pNSS-F2, pNSS-F3 and pNSS-F4 (5'' deleted promoters). Plant transformation into Arabidopsis was carried out by Agrobacterium mediated floral dip method. T0 and T1 lines were established and transgenic plants were analyzed by molecular and physiological approaches. T1 transgenic lines for each promoter constructs were selected through GUS assay and tested for wound, salt and temperature stresses. Real-time PCR was performed by using two sets of primers, Actin (Housekeeping gene) and GFP (Gene of Interest). Real-time PCR analysis was done by employing 2-ΔΔCt method in which data was normalized by software inbuilt in the real-time PCR system by taking calibrator or untreated sample value xxi as 1. The graphical data shows the times fold increase or decrease in the expression with comparison with untreated control samples. Expression analysis revealed that OsRGLP2 promoter is efficient and specific to wound, salt and temperature stresses. When comparison was done between full length and 5'' deleted promoters, the promoter named pNSS-F3 of 565 bp along with other two larger promoter pNSS-F1 and pNSS-F2 of sizes 1063 bp and 776 bp respectively were responding to all stresses applied during this study. However, when a further deletion was made and shortest promoter pNSS-F4 was created which comprises of 283 bp size, unable to respond against stresses applied. So it can be concluded from present study that during 5'' deletion of full length OsRGLP2 promoter (creation of pNSS-F4), a critical region between P-565 and P-283 on promoter fragment was deleted which contain promoter elements necessary to respond against certain stresses like wound stress, salt stress and temperature stress. While during other deletions (in case of pNSS-F2 and pNSS-F3) in which when the critical part was intact, the promoter responded to applied stresses. It can be further concluded that pNSS-F3 is a good replacement for full length promoter. Due to smaller size of pNSS-F3 promoter (565 bp) and it‟s efficient and specific response against abiotic stresses it can be fused with other promoter and used in combination against certain abiotic or biotic stresses.