پروفیسر سید نواب علی
ہماری پرانی علمی شخصیتیں ایک ایک کرکے اٹھتی جاتی ہیں، اور ان کا بدل نظر نہیں آتا، جون کی آخری تاریخوں میں مشہور اہل قلم اور نامور فاضل پروفیسر سید نواب علی صاحب ایم اے نے انتقال کیا، ان کا اصل وطن نیوتنی ضلع اوناؤ تھا، لیکن ملازمت کے سلسلے میں ان کا قیام زیادہ تر گجرات میں رہا، وہاں وہ مختلف بڑے بڑے تعلیمی عہدوں پر ممتاز رہے، سرکاری ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد ریاست جوناگڑھ کے وزیر تعلیم ہوگئے تھے، اس سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد وطن لوٹ آئے تھے، پھر قیام پاکستان کے بعد کراچی چلے گئے اور وہیں گذشتہ ۳۰؍ جون کو وفات پائی۔
مرحوم، حضرت سید صاحب رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کے ہمعصر تھے، ان کی طالب علمی کا زمانہ لکھنؤ میں گزرا تھا، اس زمانہ میں وہ مولانا شبلی کی صحبت سے مستفید ہوئے، اس لیے دارالمصنفین اور اس کے کارکنوں سے ان کے تعلقات بہت قدیم تھے، اور وہ اس کے ابتدائی ارکان میں تھے، جدید علوم کے ساتھ عربی سے بھی واقف تھے اور اسلامی علوم پر بھی ان کی نظر تھی، ان کا علمی ذوق بہت بلند تھا۔ وہ متعدد بلند پایہ کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، اور اپنی تصانیف کے ذریعہ انھوں نے دین کی بڑی خدمت انجام دی، ان کی تصانیف کی تعداد ایک درجن کے قریب ہوگی ان میں ’’سیرۃ الرسول‘‘ اور ’’تاریخ صحف سماوی‘‘ اور ’’معارج الدین‘‘ زیادہ اہم ہیں، اب ایسے محقق فاضل مسلمانوں میں مشکل سے پیدا ہوں گے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،اگست ۱۹۶۱ء)
Hukum keluarga merupakan inti syari’ah dan memiliki posisi penting dalam Islam. Umat Islam beranggapan bahwa hukum keluarga merupakan pintu gerbang untuk mendalami agama Islam. Karena itulah hukum keluarga diakui sebagai dasar dalam pembentukan masyarakat Muslim. Secara global disebutkan hanya dalam hukum keluarga, syari’at Islam berlaku bagi banyak bahkan seluruh umat Islam di dunia.Namun, perkembangan zaman serta perubahan kondisi dalam kehidupan membuat hukum yang telah ditetapkan dalam Nash atau Ulama-ulama fikih mengalami pembaharuan. Pembaharuan hukum keluarga di berbagai negara Islam tidak lepas dari dinamika reformasi yang ingin melakukan unifikasi hukum baik untuk menyatukan dua madzhab besar (Sunni dan syi’i) atau menyatukan berbagai agama. Salah satu negara di Asia Tenggara yang melakukan pembaharuan hukum keluarga adalah Brunei Darussalam. Dalam MIB (Melayu Islam Beraja) yang merupakan ideologi negara Brunei Darussalam termaktub di dalamnya penetapan ahl Sunnah wal jama’ah (dari sisi akidahnya) dan madzhab Syafi’i (dari sisi fikihnya). Tuntutan melakukan pengembangan dan pembaharuan terhadap hukum keluarga akibat perkembangan zaman Akan terus dilakukan jika dirasa ketentuan hukum klasik sudah tidak dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan di era modern ini.
Green route was employed for the fabrication of stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Setaria verticillata, Cenchrus ciliaris and Azadirachta indica seeds exudates as both reducing and capping agents. The physio-chemical properties of the resulting AgNPs were investigated by employing variety of characterization techniques as UV–visible spectrophotometery; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. In this study, NPs were synthesized from silver nitrate and various concentrations of the seed extract by a green method. However, all the synthesized AgNPs showed quasi spherical morphology under transmission electron microscope (TEM).SV Ag-NPs are prepared by using S. Verticillata seeds exudates, their in-vitro toxicity was studied on adult earth worms (Lumbricina) resulting in statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition, in addition; 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21), revealing dose dependent cytotoxic effect of -NPs.The anti-microbial activities of the 0.75µg/ml Ag-NPs were tested against various gram-positive (Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus warneri) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) bacteria, demonstrating efficient inhibition of pathogen growth. The sample 40SV were loaded with hydrophilic anticancer drugs (ACD) doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DNR) for developing novel drug delivery carrier having significant adsorption capacity and efficiency in order to expurgate the side effects of the medicine, effective for leukemia chemotherapy. A. indica Ag-NPs were rapidly synthesized using an aqueous seed extract with AgNO3 solution within 30 minutes and their size ranged between 10 – 30 nm. However, the synthesized NPs showed spherical morphology with an average diameter of 13 nm when observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). A. indica Ag-NPs showed enhanced bactericidal action against gram-positive (Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus warneri) and Gramnegative (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) strains compared to raw A. xi indica seed extract. However, Ag-NPs interacted with the bacterial membrane, caused cellular leakage and ultimately cell death as evident from TEM images. Moreover, AgNPs reduced congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) that suggests their catalytic potential in the removal of industrial organic dyes.C. ciliaris Ag-NPs are prepared by using Cenchrus ciliaris seeds exudates. Increasing C. ciliaris concentration leads to a reduction in the particle size and the agglomeration between the NPs. The results showed that synthesized Ag-NPs (1-3CC) are less agglomerated and exhibited significant antimicrobial potential against various bacterial strains compared to 4-5CC This report highlights the effect of nanocatalyst on the degradation rate of toxic contaminants, methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) by NaBH4 in an eco-friendly manner. In addition, Ag-NPs were loaded with anticancer drugs (ACD) [doxorubicin (Dox) hydrochloride, and daunorubicin (Dono)] to develop novel drug carrier with high loading capacity and rapid drug adsorption rate to hampered the side effects of ACD. The loading capacity of ACD was investigated as a function of contact time and adsorption dosages had a maximum adsorption capacity of 404.19 and 253.85 mg/g for Dox and Dono respectively. Moreover, kinetic models were conducted to evaluate the adsorption kineticsThe anti-microbial activities of the Ag-NPs were tested against various bacterial strains, thick wall of peptidoglycan (PG) in Gram positive strains made them less vulnerable to Ag-NPs penetration. Cell wall of Gram negative strains facilitate the entry of NPs makes difference in the bactericidal activity of Ag-NPs. However, Ag-NPs interacted with the bacterial membrane, caused cellular leakage and ultimately cell death as evident from TEM images.This work also highlights the effect of nano catalyst on the degradation rate of toxic contaminants, methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) by NaBH4 in an ecofriendly manner. Moreover, Ag-NPs reduced CR and MB that suggests their catalytic potential in the removal of industrial organic dyes. The current findings will provide an insight for the preparation of green bactericidal, anticancer, anthelmintic and catalytic agents that can be used in biomedical applications.