ڈاکٹر عبدالسلام سلامؔ سندیلوی
افسوس ہے ۱۶؍ ستمبر کی شب میں معروف محقق و نقاد اور شاعر ڈاکٹر عبدالسلام سلامؔ سندیلوی کا انتقال ہوگیا، وہ ہردوئی ضلع کے مردم خیز قصبہ سندیلہ میں ۲۵؍ فروری ۱۹۱۹ء کو پیدا ہوئے تھے، لکھنؤ میں اعلیٰ تعلیم حاصل کی، ان کو اردو فارسی کے علاوہ ہندی اور سنسکرت پر بھی عبور تھا، اردو میں پی۔ایچ۔ڈی اور ڈی۔لٹ کی اور ہندی میں وشارد اور ساہتیہ سدھا کر کی ڈگریاں حاصل کیں، مضمون نگاری اور شعر و شاعری کا چسکا طالب علمی کے زمانے میں لگ گیا تھا، شعر و ادب اور تحقیق و تنقید ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، ان میں درجنوں تصنیفات یادگار چھوڑیں۔ اردو رباعیات، اردو شاعری میں نرگیست اور اردو شاعری میں منظر نگاری بڑی اہم تصانیف ہیں، اول الذکر پر پی۔ایچ۔ڈی اور ثانی الذکر پر ڈی۔لٹ کی ڈگری ملی، ۱۹۵۹ء میں گورکھ پور یونیورسٹی سے وابستہ ہوئے اور پھر یہیں کے ہوگئے۔ وظیفہ یاب ہونے کے بعد بھی قلم و قرطاس سے تعلق باقی رہا، مگر کئی برس سے بینائی چلی گئی تھی اس لئے معذور اور خانہ نشین ہوگئے تھے، ڈاکٹر صاحب کی تصنیفات کمیت و کیفیت کے لحاظ سے اہم تھیں، لیکن اعزاز اور عہدے کے لئے بھاگ دوڑ ان کو پسند نہ تھی، اس لئے ان کو خاطر خواہ شہرت نہیں ملی، اس سال ان جیسے مستحق کو اترپردیش اردو اکادمی کا مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد ایوارڈ دیا جانا قابل ستایش اقدام تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر وقرار بخشے۔ آمین!! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اکتوبر ۲۰۰۰ء)
The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence consumers' decisions to purchase Wardah cosmetics in Pekanbaru city. The sample size consisted of 100 participants selected using the accidental sampling technique. This study aimed to be unbiased, clear, and concise, utilizing a formal register and precise language to ensure comprehension. The data analysis employed quantitative multiple linear regression, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that product quality has an impact on the decision to purchase Wardah cosmetics in the city of Pekanbaru. The customer's perception of prices also affects their decision to purchase the said cosmetics, as well as promotions. The independent variables, namely product quality, price perception, and promotion, have a significant impact on the dependent variable, i.e., purchasing decision, concerning Wardah Cosmetics in Pekanbaru city. The R Square value of 0.845 or 84.5% indicates that the purchasing decision is influenced by product quality, price, and promotion while 15.5% is attributable to other variables not considered in this study.
The suggested research is focused on the analysis, design, and development of the single-phase direct AC-to-AC converters. They are classified as voltage and frequency controllers. The AC voltage controllers are employed to solve the power system disturbances. The problem of voltage sag and swell is very common in the power distribution system that degrades the performance of the connected load and may cause their failure. In these circumstances, the power conditioning units such as dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) are employed for their proper and safe operation that are realized with AC-to-AC converters. The voltage sags and swells issues are tackled by increasing and decreasing the line voltage respectively. The in-phase and out-of-phase output voltages are generated if AC voltage controllers can be operated with bipolar voltage gain. These characteristics can be realized if they operate in non-inverting and inverting modes. The voltage controllers having these features may also be employed as direct frequency changers (DFC) for variable speed drives and induction heating systems. The circuit and control complexity in these converters depend upon the number of controlled switching devices. The power conversion efficiency in these converters is directly related to unwanted switching and conduction losses caused by the switching devices. These losses depend on the number of switching devices, switching voltages, switching frequency, and switching currents. The high switching voltages and currents are the main problems in these converters. They not only increase the unwanted conversion losses but also increase the voltage and current rating of the switching devices. These problems become very serious in frequency boost operation. In variable frequency operation, the output is not in pure sinusoidal form, and it contains unwanted harmonics as it is obtained by inverting and non-inverting the input voltage. So here, we propose a novel AC-to-AC converter that has voltage and frequency regulation characteristics. It is capable of operating in the buck and boost fashion with non-inverting and inverting characteristics. Its operation is realized with a low count of the switching devices having low switching voltages and currents. These characteristics reduce the conversion losses and hence improve efficiency. The detailed analysis related to switching voltages and currents and conversion losses is also presented. The regulation of the output voltage is achieved through the pulse width modulation (PWM) control of one switch directly and other as indirectly. The direct PWM controlled (DPWM) switch is controlled with a high-frequency gating sequence. Its switching controls the operating states of the other switch called indirect PWM (IDPWM) controlled switch. The power quality problem in variable output frequency mode is determined by computing their harmonics coefficients analytically through the pulse selective approach. The problem of high voltage and current overshoots in boost frequency mode is tackled by developing a new DFC with low count of switching devices. Its output is realized through simple switching control scheme that is generated with any PWM generator as there is no need to synchronize the gating signals with input voltage. The worth of the proposed work is proved by comparing its performance parameters with the existing topologies. The simulation and practical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed research.