جہالت ترقی کی دشمن ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معززصدر ومیرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر گفتگو کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’جہالت ترقی کی دشمن ہے ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
اس کائنات رنگ و بو میں جو رنگینیاں نظر آرہی ہیں، جو رعنائیاں نمونہ دھنک پیش کر رہی ہیں، گلستانِ ہستی میں جو بہار آئی ہوئی ہے، چمنستانِ حیات نے جو اپنا بھرم قائم رکھا ہوا ہے۔ عنادلِ خوش الحان کی جو مترنم صدائیں گونج رہی ہیں، یہ سب کی سب شعور و آگہی کی مرہونِ منت ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
علم ایک ایسا نور ہے جو جہالت کی تار یک عباؤں کو تار تار کر دیتا ہے، آفتاب علم و دانش کی نور فشاں کرنیں جب ظلمت کدہ ٔجہالت پر پڑتی ہیں تو وہ بقعۂ نور بن جاتا ہے، عروج و ترقی کے راستے میں موجود رکاوٹیں ختم ہوجاتی ہیں، زندگی حسن و جمال کا مرقعّ بن جاتی ہے۔
محترم صدر!
تاریخ کے اوراق شاہد ہیں کہ جس نے بھی اپنے آپ کوعلم کے زیور سے مرصعّ کیا، اپنے سر پر معرفت وآ گہی کا تاج سجایا، اپنی کشتِ شعور و عقل کی علم و دانش کے ذریعے آبیاری کی ، اپنے قلب و اذہان کو بذریعہ علم و آ گہی طراوت بخشی ، علم و دانش کی خلعتِ فاخرہ زیب تن کی اللہ تعالیٰ نے انہیں عروج و ترقی کی مسند کا صدرنشین بنادیا۔
صدرمحترم!
جہالت واقعی ترقی کی دشمن ہے، ترقی کے مناظر دلکش دیکھنے کے لیے ،عروج کے لازوال نظاروں کی منظر کشی کرنے کے لیے، جہالت کی عینک کو اتارنا ہوگا، لا پرواہی اور غفلت کے حصار سے باہر آنا ہو گا ، تساہل پسندی کی خصلت قبیحہ کو نیست و نابود...
As Islam gives a complete code of life, and it has a permanent political system. Rather to this, just as it has given rules and regulations in other spheres of life. It has also given unchangeable laws regarding politics. But Islam did not present a detailed structure of the government but left it to the Islamic Jurists to elaborate the principles regarding the Islamic political system.
No corner of life is outside the limits of Islamic teachings. The Prophet (ﷺ) has provided guidance for every aspect of life through his words and deeds which should be kept in our mind is the guarantee of success and prosperity of religion and the world. In this article we will brief the Islamic political system and solution of modern political issues through the interpretation of the Qur’ānic verses in the light of Tafsīr Sirāṭ-al-Jinān by Muftī Muḥammad Qāsim Qādrī.
Keywords: Islamic Political System Modern Political Issues, Tafsīr Ṣirāt-al-Jinān, Muftī Muḥammad Qāsim Qādrī, Shari'ah
Maize, one of the world’s most important cereals is susceptible to an opportunistic pathogen, Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination, which ultimately causing both economic and human health related problems. The insufficient understandings of maize resistance to the fungus have made the selection of resistant genotypes difficult for scientists and cultivators. Fourteen different types of maize genotypes were investigated in the fields of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The experiments were conducted in two maize growing seasons i.e., spring sowing (1st experiment) and autumn sowing (2nd experiment). The study was aimed to find out the maize host response to A. flavus exposure and its effect on the grain yield, quality (chemical composition) and aflatoxin accumulation during the spring and autumn seasons. For this purpose, A. flavus inoculum was applied in the cob during seed maturation. A. flavus inoculated plants produced some damage, however, these symptoms were negligible, but inoculated and non-inoculated cob were morphologically different that’s why visible symptoms of fungal infection on maize cob can be related to the infection by the A. flavus in maize genotypes. Fungal inoculation reduced the grains per cob, total grains weight/cob, protein, oil as well as carbohydrate contents of the grains. The maize genotype KSC-9663 produced better yield during spring season among all genotypes, used in this study. Maize genotype, FH1046 overall produced better yield during autumn season and maize genotype YH-1898 was better for chemical/nutritional quality (grain starch, fiber, ascorbic acid and carbohydrate contents) during spring as well as during autumn (grain fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid and total free amino acid) seasons as compared to other genotypes. Maize genotype, KSC9618 produced highest phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic, proline, polyphenols) during spring season and R-2207 produced higher concentration of phytochemicals better during autumn season. Maize genotype, FH-1046 produced highest contamination of aflatoxins (AFG1 and AFB1), while, YH-1898 produced highest accumulation of AFB1 and Malka16 accumulated highest concentration of AFG2 in spring sowing experiment. Maize genotype, Pearl produced highest contamination of AFG1 and R-3305 produced highest aflatoxin contamination (AFB1) in autumn season. All genotypes showed resistance to AFB2 in both experiments, as did not produce or its level was lowered than the permissible limit for human consumption. 1st experiment (spring season) produced greater aflatoxin contamination as compared to 2nd experiment (autumn season). It is concluded that non-wounding A. flauvs inoculation could significantly affect the yield of maize genotypes under favorable weather conditions (for A. flauvs), which affected the yield and chemical composition of maize grains.