موضوع6:تخلیق، تحقیق اور تنقید کا باہمی تعلق
ادب:
• ادب ایک علمی اصطلاح ہے جو نظمیہ اور نثری ادب کے لیے استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔
• جذبات کی دلکش موسیقی کا نام ہے۔
• محسوسات و تخیل کا دل نشین رقص ادب ہے۔
ڈاکٹر طہ حسین کے مطابق:
"ادب عربی زبان سے آیا ہے۔ اس کے معنی دعوت کا بلاوا ہے۔ یہ عربی کا ایک لفظ داب ہے جس کی جمع اداب ہے۔اداب بعد میں آداب بن گیا جس کے معانی عادت، ورثہ اور عمل کا طریقہ کے ہیں۔قدیم عربی کے قریشی لہجے میں ادب کا لفظ شامل نہیں تھا۔یہ لفظ پہلی صدی ہجری کے بعد عربی لغت میں شامل ہوا۔بنو امیہ کے دور میں یہ لفظ تعلیم کے معنوں میں استعمال کیا گیا۔اس زمانے میں ادب سے مراد روایت کے ذریعے پڑھانا تھا۔بنو عباس کے دور میں ادب کے مفہوم میں تنگی پیدا ہوئی اوراس سے کم و بیش وہ معنی لئے گئے جو انگریزی میں لٹریچر سے لئے جاتے ہیں۔"
عقل و شعور کے تحرک اور حسن وجمال کے دل پھینک لطیف عمل کا نام ادب ہے۔ادب انسانی محسوسات کا دانشمندانہ اور فنکارانہ اظہار ہے۔یہ اظہار ان لوگوں کے قلم سے ہوتا ہے جو زندگی کے دو پہلو دکھوں ومصیبتوں اور خوشیوں ومسرتوںکا اجتماعی حالات میں انفرادی تجزیہ کرتے ہیں۔قلم سے وہ لوگ جو زندگی کے دکھ سکھ، خوشیاں غمیوں میں زندگی کے اجتماعی حالات کاانفرادی تجزیہ کرتے ہیں انہیں ادیب کہتے ہیں۔ادبی تخلیق، تحقیق اور تنقید ایک بے حد مضبوط اور مستحکم مثلٹ ہے۔آپس میں ان کے ربط میں ہی سماج کی بقاء ہے۔
تحقیق:
• سچائی یا حقیقت کی تلاش کا نام تحقیق ہے۔
• تحقیق یقین یا تصدیق کرنے کو کہتے ہیں۔
• تحقیق کے ذریعے کسی امر کو اس کی اصل شکل میں دیکھنا مقصود ہوتا ہے۔
• ادبی تخلیق سماج...
Mothers-in-law play an integral role in promoting maternal and child health practices in rural Pakistan. This study discusses the design, implementation, and evaluation of a 25- episode radio drama featuring the mother-in-law as the primary influencer for maternal and child health practices. The radio drama was designed after an extensive pre-drama audience research comprising of 10 focus groups, and 14 in-depth interviews in Bagh and Mansehra. Post-drama evaluation comprised two focus groups in the target areas. The endline evaluation found that viewership of the drama improved communication between people of all age groups and social roles without offending their dignity, intelligence, and sense of tradition. Additionally, the findings showed that the audience demonstrated improvement in knowledge about danger signs for mother and child, as well as positive attitudes to seeking timely service from a trained healthcare provider. The study makes a contribution to existing health communication campaigns by introducing a culture-centric approach, through radio dramas, to influence mothers-inlaw and consequently impact maternal and child health practices.
The right to life is core human right and is also called mother of all other human rights because without existence, recognition and protection of the right life, existence, protection and enjoyment of any other right is not possible. This right existed in every society, culture and religion and has been recognized as one of the fundamental rights of every person without any discrimination on the basis of race, sex, culture or religion. However, the application and enforcement of the right to life differed in every legal system, society and culture. The main reason of this difference appears to be the interpretation of the right to life on one hand and its application along with other human rights on the other. In the same manner, international law including all its branches, recognizes the right to life and encourages all the international community to protect it at international as well as domestic level. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Human Rights Law (HRL) directly deal with the protection of the right to life, but the application of the right to life particularly with regard to its application during armed conflict under both these branches of international law differ. The difference is not based on the deficiency of any of them with regard to the recognition of the right to life, rather on the basis of corresponding duties under both these branches of international law. It was also debated as to whether HRL is applicable during armed conflict. Currently the debate has been settled and nobody disputes its application during armed conflict. However, IHL has adopted a bit liberal approach in respect of the protection of the right to life, particularly with regard to combatants, because combatants on the one hand enjoy freedom to do all acts otherwise lawful during combat and in response lose their protection from various rights including the right to life. HRL on the other hand, adopts a strict approach and accordingly nobody loses his or her protection unless all other measures to deal with a particular situation have been adopted and exhausted. Owing to this difference of application of the right to life during armed conflict, it is the requirement of the hour to settle the issue and remove the difference between these two branches of international law and this study is primarily intended for the same purpose and would contribute in protection of this core human right.