A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang with Special Regard to Agenda Setting Theory of Press: Ten Years before and after 9/11

The relationship between Pakistan and America has always been a focus of the media of both countries as well as the international media. Even a slight shift in the policies of these two countries for each other is capable of making newspaper headlines and attracting maximum attention of the press of both countries. This study is a comparative analysis of the editorial pages of daily Dawn (English) and daily Jang (Urdu) to explore the agenda setting role of two of Pakistan’s oldest and most credible newspapers, vis-à-vis the Pakistan-US relationship. The research takes into consideration a total of 20 years of Pakistan-US relations by dividing the period into two groups which are ten years before the incident of 9/11 and ten years after 9/11. This understudied period is specifically important because the relations between Pakistan and America during these phases have vacillated between periods of engagements, wherein Pakistan enjoyed the status of the most favoured ally without compromising its regional interest, and the periods of disengagements wherein Pakistan faced sanctions from the US and was left alone to deal with the aftermath of the Afghan war and the War on Terrorism. Hence, this study obtains interesting insights about how the two Pakistani newspapers which represent the Urdu and the English press of Pakistan highlighted the agenda-setting role of the press through the coverage of the issues between Pakistan and US on their editorial pages.

Comparison Between Diabetic Patients and Hepatitis B and C by Clinical Metabolic Investigations

In Diabetic syndrome, function of heart and liver are commonly affected, causing the worsening of these patients and hence, additional drugs apart from diabetic treatment are given to these patients. However, these drugs cause additional complication promoting many side effects. This thesis is composed of determining the metabolic abnormalities in the diabetic patients with the complications of hypertension and liver cirrhosis. In addition this study is furthered on diabetic patients with hepatitis B or C. In all these patients, the association of most important blood enzymes, such as (1) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or, (2) Serum Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), (3) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or (4) Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), (5) creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), (6) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and (7) alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) are studied. Some of the most important metals such as iron, zinc, copper and magnesium and their overall impact on oxidative stress are also determined. My hypothesis in diabetic patients a complete picture of metabolic abnormalities could be obtained, if enzymes conventionally with liver, and heart dysfunction, are studies, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels are monitored; the role and anti oxidant activity of magnesium, zinc, copper is studied. This study was conducted one diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, diabetes with hypertension, diabetes with liver cirrhosis hepatitis B, hepatitis C, diabetes with hepatitis B, and diabetes with hepatitis C,. The purpose of my study is to see the changes in enzyme activities related to metabolism and the variation in metal contents with particular reference to Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg including the ant oxidative activity in diabetic patients with and without complications. This will assist the pharmacists to design a new chemotherapeutic, drugs, and for the physicians, to treat the patients with different complications effectively.