Rights of Non-Muslim Minorities in a Muslim Country in the Light of Qur’an and Sunnah

The Issue of the rights of non-Muslim minorities in Muslim countries has been one of the most burning issues in this era. It has been highlighted by both Muslim and non-Muslim writers that they are mistreated in Muslim countries. This paper discusses the rights of non-Muslims in a Muslim country in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Islamic history. These rights are the protection of rights and freedom of belief, right to protection of property, honour, assurance of disability, poverty and old age, right of freedom in religion, language and culture, work and profession in government services, equal rights in the society and justice. It will be shown that in Muslim countries, all non-Muslim minorities have their equal rights and same citizen status. This paper ends by providing some suggestions in solving contemporary non-Muslim problems in Muslim countries.

Design & Analysis of Secure Optical Communication System With Advance Modulation Formats

The growth in web traffic has driven the rise in demand for information measure and high data rates. ‘Advance optical modulation formats’ are taken into account as a promising feature to satisfy the enhanced demand for information measure in broadband and other type of services. Lots of modulation formats have been proposed to increase the data rates but security implementation in optical communication system explicit to these modulation formats is still an open area to explore. In this thesis, the performance of some advance modulation formats as applicable to chaotic/secure optical communication is analyzed. The research work includes the generation of high bandwidth optical chaos through semiconductor lasers by controlling different parameters to get the optimum chaos. Initially, the basic chaotic communication system by synchronizing transmitted and received chaos is developed and tested for ordinary modulation schemes like RZ and NRZ to check validity of the scheme. Later, the long haul secure communication models based on Duobinary modulation and QAM format are designed and their performance is tested against various parameters. The Duobinary format is chosen due to its effective bandwidth utilization and robust performance against the intersymbol interference whereas QAM scheme is selected due to its better support against high data rates. In comparison to chaos produced by fiber lasers which are inherited by low bandwidth, semiconductor laser generated chaos is exploited for embedding the message. The performance of modulation schemes is studied for long distance communication models including non-linear and higher order effects. Various simulations experiments are conducted on latest versions of Optisystem 14.0 and MATLAB. This work can be vii considered as a first effort related to security implementation explicit to the advance modulation formats using optical chaos.