5۔ معاشرتی اصلاح میں خانقاہوں کا کردار
جرائم کے انسداد اور ماحول کی پاکیزگی کےلئے ایک نہایت ہی مناسب تدبیر ، تزکیہ نفس ہے۔اللہ تعالی ٰنے انسان کو سیدھے راستے پر چلانے کے لیے انبیا ئے کرام کا جو سلسلہ درجہ بدرجہ چلایا ۔اس کی بڑی وجہ بھی انسانی ذات کی اصلاح، اس کےقلب ودماغ کی صفائی اور زندگی گزارنے کی بنیادی مہارتوں سے اسے آراستہ کرنا تھا۔ ہر پیغمبر کا یہ بنیادی فرض رہا ہے کہ وہ انسانوں کی اصلاح کرے، ان کی کمزوریوں کو دور کرنے کی سعی کرے اور انھیں معاشرے کا مفید شہری بناتے ہوئے اپنے اللہ کا تابع فرمان بنائے تاکہ انسان دنیا اور آخرت دونوں میں کامیاب ہو۔
قرآن مجید کے مطالعہ سے معلوم ہوتاہے کہ انسان کے تزکیہ کی ذمہ داری کسی اور پر نہیں بلکہ خود اس کے اپنے اوپر عائد ہوتی ہے، کیونکہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہر انسان کو نہ صرف خیر و شر کی تمیز دی ہے ،بلکہ انبیاءو رسل کا فریضہ بھی اللہ تعالیٰ نے یہی بیان فرمایا ۔ قرآن مجید میں تزکیہ نفس کے بارے میں ارشاد ربانی ہے
﴿وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ﴾417
"وہ انہیں کتاب و حکمت کی تعلیم دے اور ان کا تزکیہ نفس کرے۔ "
رسول اللہ ﷺ کی بعثت کے مقاصد قرآن نے جو بیان کئے ہیں ان میں تلاوت آیات ا ور تعلی کتاب کے بعد تزکیہ نفوس کاذکر ہے ۔تزکیہ نفس میں جہاں دلوں کو اس قابل بنایا جاتا ہے کہ وہ اللہ سےاپنے تعلق کو درست کر لیں وہاں ان کے تزکیہ کی یہ بھی ایک صورت ہے کہ ایک آدمی کو جن جن چیزوں سے واسطہ پڑتا ہے یا جن لوگوں سے واسطہ پڑتا ہے، وہ اپنے اندران کے حق کی ادائیگی اوران سے درست تعلقات کی تڑپ پیدا کرے۔ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے یہ دونوں کام...
God has given us two kinds of commandments "al-awaamir wan-nawaahi" i.e. Biddings and forbiddings whose violation is called "sin”. Christianity and Islam both are divine religions and their teachings are God-gifted. Their followers are required to lead their lives according to the commandments of God in order to succeed. But with the passage of time, Christians started distortions within their law. They, therefore, promoted the belief that every man is a sinner by birth. Christians believe that Adam (PBUH) committed sin. Islam teaches that every child is innocent by birth. The holy Prophet (BPBUM) said: “Every child is born on Islamic nature and his parents cause him to be Christian, Jew or Magian". Despite being distorted, Christianity does possess yet such teachings that resemble Islamic teachings. If these teachings are followed the mankind can be reformed though these teachings have its limitations. Islam is a final and ultimate religion and its teachings are, valid up to the day of resurrection. Also, these teachings have not been distorted. Islam has described each and every sin in detail more than the Christianity. If one follows Islamic teachings be can achieve success and salvation.
Online customer reviews have become electronic word of mouth for the current generations. The product reviews play an important role in customer‘s purchase decision making process. However, there are thousands of reviews constantly being posted for online products on e-commerce websites. It is very difficult for buyers to read all the reviews before purchase decisions. Review helpfulness is attracting increasing attention of practitioners and academics. It helps in reducing risks and uncertainty faced by users in online shopping. In this dissertation, three solutions are proposed to develop an effective model for review helpfulness prediction. i.e. 1) Influences of discrete emotions embedded in review text on review helpfulness are investigated, 2) Review helpfulness as a function of linguistic, psychological, summary language, and reviewer features is examined, and 3) Significant product, review and reviewer characteristics are explored to determine the review helpfulness. For discrete emotions, an algorithm is presented that extracts four positive and four negative discrete emotions from review text using National Research Council (NRC) emotion lexicon. An effective helpfulness prediction model is build using deep neural network. The findings reveal that Trust, Joy and Anticipation (positive emotions); Anxiety and Sadness (negative emotions) are most influential emotion dimensions and have greater impact on perceived helpfulness. Secondly, the utility of linguistic, psychological, summary language and reviewer characteristics are investigated and an effective review helpfulness prediction model is constructed using stochastic gradient boosting algorithm. The results reveal that reviewer helpfulness per day and syllables in review text strongly relates to review helpfulness. Moreover, the number of space, aux verb, drives words in review text and productivity score of a reviewer are also effective predictors of review helpfulness. Thirdly, influences of important variables by exploring not only the review content indicators but also significant indicators of reviewer and product that contribute to review helpfulness are explored. The influence of product type (search and experience goods) on review helpfulness is also examined and reviews of search goods show strong relationship to review helpfulness. The findings indicate that polarity of review title, sentiment and polarity of review text and cosine similarity between review text and product title effectively contribute to the helpfulness of online reviews.