بہ یادِ سید معین الرحمن
(رفیق احمد خان)
ڈاکٹر سید معین الرحمن ایک طرح سے میرے خواجہ تاش تھے، مرزا غالب اور رشید احمد صدیقی سے میرا عشق روحانی، جذباتی اور زبانی ہے اور ان کا عشق شخصی، روحانی، فکری، ادبی اور تحقیقی اوصاف کا مرقع، ان کی تن دہی، سخت کوشی، برداشت، نفاستِ طبع اور حسن آرائی و حسن آفرینی اس کی شہادتیں۔
میں اپنے احباب سے ان کی خوش اخلاقی، خوش اطواری، شائستگی اور روایتی وضع داری سے متعلق باتیں سن ہی چکا تھا، ان کی شگفتہ و مرصع اور پرمغز و پراثر نثر دل میں گھر کرچکی تھی اور ان کی سرکشیدگی اور بلند قامتی بھی میرے دل و نظر میں ایک مقام و مرتبہ وضع کرچکی تھی، خط و کتابت کا آغاز ہوا تو میرے خیالات و تصورات کو یک گونہ تقویت حاصل ہوئی، میں اپنے اندر ان کے لیے اپنائیت محسوس کرنے لگا اور یوں نیاز حاصل کرنے کی تمنا جی میں سر اٹھانے لگی۔
اس قلبی لگاؤ کا نتیجہ تھا کہ جب کبھی ان کے خلاف کوئی زہر آلودہ تحریر پڑھی تو طبیعت مکدر ہوگئی اور ان کی قدر و منزلت میں کسی طرح کی بھی کمی محسوس نہیں کی بلکہ اس میں اضافہ ہی محسوس کیا، ’’دیوانِ غالب، نسخۂ خواجہ‘‘ کے حوالے سے خواہ کچھ بھی کہا گیا یا لکھا گیا ہو مگر غالب سے غیر معمولی شیفتگی اور غالب کی طرف داری کا اس سے اچھا اور بڑا عملی ثبوت ادبی دنیا میں کم دیکھنے میں آئے گا، اس سے ہٹ کر دیکھیے تو پیش کش میں حسن اور سلیقے کا حسین امتزاج بھی کیا لائق تحسین نہیں، میر تقیؔ میر کا یہ مصرع صادق آتا ہے: ع
کس خوش سلیقگی سے جگر خوں کروں ہوں میں
۲۰۰۳ء میں انجمن ترقی اردو، پاکستان کی صدی منائی گئی، سرسید یونیورسٹی،...
Almighty Allāh sent his messengers to lead and guide the human beings. One of the lessons we learn from the lives of the prophets and their struggles is the significance of the presence of a peaceful environment. During the lifetime of our holy Prophet establishment the for examples numerous find we, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad and maintainance of peace. The Arab society was famous for battles and the people were wild in nature, but, with the arrival of Islām, they became the most loving and peaceful society in the world. This article focuses on the role of Aṣḥāb al-Ṣuffah in maintaining and promoting peace. Aṣḥāb al-Ṣuffah was a group of people who stayed at the northern corner of al-Masjid al-Nabawī under the constant watch of the Prophet (ﷺ) himself. Aṣḥāb al-Ṣuffah lived in a and life his observed They. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet the to proximity closed learnt from his lectures. So, it can truly be called the first school of the Islamic history. A number of students, schooled in al-Ṣuffah were sent to the different parts of the Arabia and later, to other parts of the Islamic empire, to disseminate the message of peace and love among the people. Their efforts are a significant part of the Islamic history in the promotion of peace.
The heterocyclic molecules have greatly influenced the pharmaceutical industries due to their bioactivity potential. The discovery of new drug candidates has been the burning issue of all the times owing to new emerging diseases. Heterocyclic Chemistry has been involved exlusively in the field of organo-pharmaceutical drug discovery program. Owing to the reported potential of piperazine, amide, sulfonamide, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbamate moieties, the present work was designed to synthesize some new multi-functional molecules encompassing different bioactive functionalties including furan, piperazine, acetamide, propanamide, hexanamide, sulfonamide, ether, ester, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbamates. The synthesized molecules have been subjected to evaluation of their antibacterial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition and hemolytic potential. Furthermore, enzyme inhibition potential results have been supported by computational docking in order to find the types of interactions with the active site of involved enzymes. Thirteen (13) schemes have been used to demonstrate the synthesis of one hundred and nine (109) compounds. In scheme-1 to 3, different substituted phenyl amines (1a-t) were stirred with 2-bromoacetyl bromide (2), 3-bromopropionyl bromide (6) and 6-bromohexanoyl bromide (9) in basic medium to yield 2-bromo-N-(substituted phenyl)acetamides (3a-t), 3-bromo-N-(substitutedphenyl)propanamides (7a-q) and 6-bromo-N-(substitutedphenyl)hexamides (10a-g) as electrophiles. The synthesized electrophiles were treated with 1-(2-furoyl)piperazine (4) to acquire final compounds as 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)acetamides (5a-r), 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)propanamides (8a-q) and 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)hexamides (11a-g). In scheme-4 and 5, different substituted phenyl amines (1a-h) were stirred with 4-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride (12) and 3-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride (15) in basic medium to yield 4-(chloromethyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (13a-h) and 3-(chloromethyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (16a-h) as electrophiles. The synthesized electrophiles were treated with 4 to acquire final compounds as 4-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl] methyl}-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (14a-h) and 3-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl}-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (17a-h). In scheme-6 to 8, {4-[(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (19) was synthesized by stirring 4 and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (18) in a basic medium. The compound 19 was refluxed with different previously electrophiles, 13a-h, 16a-h and acylhalides (22a-g) to synthesize 4-[(2,4-dichloro-6-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenoxy)methyl]-N-(substituted phenyl) benzamides (20a-h), 3-[(2,4-dichloro-6-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl} phenoxy)methyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (21a-h) and O-acyl derivatives (23a-g). In scheme-9 and 10, different 5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (28a-g) were sytnthesized from corresponding aryl carboxylic acids (25a-g) through esterification and hydrazide formation. Two electrophiles, {4-[4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (24) and {4-[3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (30) were synthesized in basic medium by the reaction of 4 with 12 and 15. The synthesized electrophiles, 24 and 30, were refluxed with 28a-g to prepare {4-[4-({[5-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl} (2-furyl) methanone (29a-g) and {4-[3-({[5-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl} (2-furyl) methanone (31a-g). In scheme-11, the secondary amines (32a-h) were stirred with 4-bromomethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (33) in a basic medium to get sulfonamides, 34a-h, as electrophiles. These electrophiles were refluxed with 4 in acetonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 to get a series of 1-{[1-(2-furoyl)piperazin-4-yl]methyl}phenyl-4-sulfonyl substituted secondary amines (35a-h). In scheme-12 and 13, bromoalkyl amines (36 and 43) were stirred with phenyl chloroformate (22e) in a basic medium to yield phenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (37) and phenyl 3-bromopropylcarbamate (44). These two compounds were subjected to nitration and bromination to acquire 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (39), 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (41), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 3-bromopropylcarbamate (46) and 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 3-bromopropyl carbamate (48). All these electrophiles were refluxed with 4 to synthesize a series of carbamates, phenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (38), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (40), 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (42), phenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl carbamate (45), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propylcarbamate (47) and 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propylcarbamate (49). The synthesized compounds were initially checked through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then finally corroborated through spectral data of IR (Infra Red), 1H-NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), 13C-NMR (Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and EI-MS (Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry). Some spectra are also given for structural elucidation in the discussion section of chapter 4. The compounds are also characterized by the physical data of like color, state, yield, melting points (not for sticky solids), molecular formula and molecular mass. The pharmacological screening of synthesized molecules included the evaluation of their antibacterial and enzyme inhibition potential. The antibacterial potential against different bacterial strains was conducted through two methods including dilution and disc diffusion. Activity through dilution method was compared with Ciprofloxacin and that with disc diffusion method was compared with Rifamicin. Antifungal activity was also tested through disc diffusion method in comparison of Fluconazole. The enzyme inhibition potential was evaluated against α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with reference of Acarbose, Eserine and Eserine respectively. The pharmacological screening results were also aided by % hemolytic activity for toxicity of compounds with reference to PBS (phosphate buffer saline) and Triton X-100. Molecular docking study was also conducted for enzyme inhibition data in order to explain the types of interactions with the active site of the considered enzyme by the most active compounds. Among the synthesized one hudred and nine (109) compounds, a number of compounds have exhibited pharmacological activity potential. The structure activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds has been demonstrated explicatively in chapter 4 under discussion section. The most potent antibacterial agents and enzyme inhibitors with least toxicity might be subjected to in vivo study for further analysis as drug candidates. These compounds might be considerable for the pharmacological industries as new drug candidates for drug discovery program.