سیرت طیبہ کے تناظر میں پختون خواتین کی موجودہ معاشرت کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Women play a role of paramount importance in the establishment of a distinctive nature of society. Women in Pakhtūn society are regarded with respect and piety. Pakistanis in general and Pakhtūn nation in particular can tolerate monetary losses, owing to their women but they cannot tolerate immoral and disgraceful events attached with their women (mothers, sisters, wives, and daughters) which most often become a reason for the domestic enmities and hostilities. In this article, efforts were made to answer the questions; that whether the different aspects of female lives have been treated according to the teachings of Sīrah or religion is used only as a weapon to suppress them and snatch their rights. The purpose of the study was to investigate the social issues of women from birth related ceremonies, assigning names, training and education, marriage, life after marriage and heredity related issues to their domestic routine issues and how to solve these issues in the light of teachings of the Prophet (P.B.U.H)? Furthermore, suggestions were given to make these solutions more effective and easy to be implemented in our society.

Effect of Feeding Probiotic Yeast on the Fecal Bacterial Community of Buffalo

Probiotic yeast has been frequently used in animal feed to improve gut microbiota. The gut bacterial community of dairy cattle is very important, because it may influence milk yield and animal health. However, knowledge related to fecal-associated bacterial communities is still very poor. It was hypothesized that feeding probiotic yeast (Yea-Sac ) would improve the microbial population in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cattle (buffaloes) by analyzing the fecal matter. In this study, the impact of dietary addition of commercially available probiotic yeast (Yea-Sac 1026 ) on the fecal population of some target species related to gut microbes (i.e., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Salmonella, Bifidobacterium spp.) was evaluated. For this purpose, six buffaloes were used as experimental animals and two equal groups having three buffaloes (in each) were formed i.e, control feed and experimental probiotic yeast feed group. For two month trial period (60 days), control feed group animals were fed on with routine diet whereas experimental feed group animals were fed on the same diet with addition of commercially available probiotic yeast (Yea-Sac 1026 ) 10g/day/animal. The fecal samples were collected on 1 1026 day. Fecal matter (1gm) was collected individually in disposable bags and used for determining the number of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and Salmonella species. Morphological and biochemical tests of all selected bacterial strains were performed. Results showed that a large bacterial diversity was present in the fecal samples of buffaloes. The relative proportion of beneficial (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) bacteria as well as pathogenic (E.coli and Salmonella species) bacteria were altered by feeding commercially available probiotic yeast (Yea-Sac st , 30 th and 60 th ). So, it is suggested that the commercial probiotic yeast (Yea-Sac 1026 ) can be used to promote the beneficial bacteria in GIT of buffalo to sustain the balance of healthy microbial population and it also helps in reduction of pathogenic bacterial population