عبدالمنان بیدلؔ
پٹنہ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ فارسی کے سابق پروفیسر جناب عبدالمناف بیدل کی وفات گزشتہ اپریل میں ہوگئی، انھوں نے تقریباً نوے سال کی عمر پائی اور اس لحاظ سے خوش نصیب تھے کہ اپنی زندگی میں اپنے شاگردوں کو علم و ادب میں بڑی شہرت حاصل کرتے دیکھا، بڑے شفیق استاد تھے، اس خاکسار کو بھی ان کی شاگردی کی سعادت نصیب ہوئی، اپنے زمانہ میں فارسی کی نصابی کتابی انگریزی لباس پہن انگریزی زبان میں پڑھاتے وقت اس مشرقی زبان میں مغربی رنگ پیدا کردیتے، بڑے اچھے شاعر بھی تھے، بیدل تخلص کرتے، مشاعروں میں اپنے ترنم سے اپنی شاعری میں دلنوازی، دل ربائی اور دل نشینی کی ساری کیفیت پیدا کردیتے، آخر عمر میں مذہبی رنگ بھی زیادہ غالب ہوگیا تھا، زائرین حج کی خدمت مختلف حیثیتوں سے کرتے رہے، استاذی المحترم حضرت مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے سفر حج میں ساتھ تھے، سلیمان نمبر میں ان کا ایک پرکیف مضمون ’’سفر حجاز کے تاثرات‘‘ کے عنوان سے شائع ہوا، گزشتہ اگست میں ان کو حکومت ہند کی طرف سے فارسی کی سند کا ایوارڈ بھی ملا، لیکن حکومت کی یہ جوہر شناسی اس وقت ہوئی جب ان کے بہت سے شاگردوں کو ان سے پہلے اس اعزاز سے نوازا جاچکا تھا، اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو ان کی نیکیوں اور خوبیوں کی بدولت کروٹ کروٹ جنت نعیم عطا فرمائیں، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مئی ۱۹۸۲ء)
Islam being a complete code of life encompasses all aspects of a person’s personal and social life. Islam considers those as Muslims who submit to the will of Allah Almighty in all aspects of life. Islam is not merely a matter of private life and its worship system is not restricted only to a set of rituals, but has pervasive social consequences and develops a strong sense of moral society based on system of rules around center of universal concept of justice. Therefore, Islam proposed institutions with relation to justice, governance, cooperation and solidarity for achieving high economic growth and development. Achievement of development and growth of economy is fast in a society or country if it has developed human capital (human resource). Human capital is developed when education is imparted and facilities of health and sound life are provided to human beings. According to Islamic principles, if human beings cannot afford proper education in the society (or other facilities such as health care) then those who are well off endow their properties in Zakat, Awqaf (plural of waqf) and Charities for their better development and nourishment. These properties when endowed as Awqaf are deployed for propagation of education (knowledge, skills, training etc.) by establishing Madrassas (schools, maktabs, colleges, universities etc.) libraries, translating books, and conducting research. In Islamic society there were many Awqaf founded for establishing Madrassas. This paper is dedicated to discuss the development of human capital through education funded by Islamic Awqaf by reviewing literature.
The aim of this research work was to investigate and increase the understanding of three dimensional flow behavior under changing conditions of flow and sediments. The goal was achieved by using a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics model FLUENT. The geometry selected for this study is that of a meandering compound channel. The parameters which were changed in this research work include the width of floodplain along with main channel width, overbank flow depth, incoming discharge, bed slope of the main channel and floodplains and roughness of the channel and floodplains. The research work was conducted by using different turbulence models. Among them are standard k - e , Re-normalization Group (RNG) theory based k - e and k - w turbulence models. These three models were applied for one case. Once the capability of k - e model was established after comparison with results of other models, then only k - e was used in the remaining part of the work. The data obtained from a physical model study in the laboratory was used for the validation of simulated results. The validation was done through a comparison of observed and calculated values of depth averaged velocities, total discharge at a section & point velocities. After validation, the CFD model was used to predict and investigate those aspects of flow which were difficult to get through experiments and for which experimentation was not conducted in the laboratory. These aspects include turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, pressure distribution on different cross sections of the channel and surface velocity magnitudes. As far as the sediments study is concerned, the Lagrangian particle tracking technique was used to predict the changes in bed levels at apex of the meander wavelength. Sediment particles with different diameters were used for this purpose. A total of eight flow cases were considered for the study of flow field. Each case varies from the other on the basis of (i) geometry or (ii) bed slope or (iii) depth of overbank flow or a combination of these. This work also proved the capability of standard k - e turbulence closure models in prediction of 3D overbank flows. Keywords: Sediment transport, CFD modeling, Flood flows, Numerical techniques, Turbulent kinetic energy.