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Effect of Nitrogen on the Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Diamond Nanorods

Thesis Info

Author

Sumaira Irfan

Department

Department of Physics, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

ix, 59

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M. Phil. PHY/935

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676718926267

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مولانا محمد اسمٰعیل نانا[جنوبی افریقا]

مولانا محمد اسمعٰیل نانا
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ماہ رمضان میں جانسبرگ(جنوبی افریقہ)کے ایک جید عالم اورنہایت مخیر بزرگ مولانا محمد اسمعٰیل کاانتقال ہوگیا مرحوم اصل باشندہ ڈابہیل یاسملک ضلع سورت گجرات کے تھے۔ہم لوگ جب ڈابہیل پہنچے ہیں اس وقت مدرسہ میں متوسطان پڑھتے تھے۔ مفتی صاحب اورراقم الحروف دونوں کے اسباق میں پابندی سے شریک ہوتے اورصبح وشام کمرہ میں حاضر رہتے تھے۔ اس زمانہ میں گاندھی جی کی تحریک سول نافرمانی چل رہی تھی۔حکومت نے اس میں شریک ہونے والوں کی جائیدادیں ضبط کرکے ان کوفروخت کرنا شروع کیا تھا۔اس پرمولانا مفتی عتیق الرحمن صاحب عثمانی نے اپنا مشہور اورمعرکتہ الآرا فتوی دیا کہ ان جائیدادوں پرحکومت کاقبضہ ناجائز اورحرام ہے اس لیے کسی مسلمان کے لیے ایسی جائیداد کاخریدنا جائز نہیں ہے۔ اس فتوی سے ایوان حکومت میں زلزلہ آگیا اور فتوی ضبط کرلیا گیا۔ اس موقع پر مرحوم مولوی محمد اسمعٰیل نانانے بڑی جرأت مندی اور دلیری کاثبوت دیا، اس فتوے کاگجراتی زبان میں ترجمہ کیا،ہزاروں کی تعداد میں طبع کیا اور پھر راتوں رات خفیہ طورپر دورہ کرکے اسے ایک ایک مسلمان کے گھر پہنچایا۔مرحوم نے جو کچھ پڑھا تھا شوق،محنت اوردلچسپی سے پڑھا تھا، مطالعہ کے خوگر تھے۔اس لیے علمی استعداد پختہ تھی۔طبیعت کے شروع ہی سے نیک اوردین دار تھے۔فراغت کے بعد جنوبی افریقہ چلے گئے اور کاروبار شروع کیا تولکھ پتی بن گئے۔ نہایت مخیر اورسیرچشم تھے، عربی مدارس کی امداد بہت دل کھول کر کرتے تھے۔ کتنے ہی مولوی صاحبان اورحاجت مندوں کے مستقل ماہانہ وظائف انھوں نے مقرر کررکھے تھے۔بصرف زرِکثیر متعدد دینی کتابوں کااردو سے انگریزی میں ترجمہ کرایا اور بڑے اہتمام سے چھاپ کر انھیں شائع کیا۔ دیوبند اوراس کے علماء کے نام کے عاشق تھے۔ کئی سال سے فالج کے شدید مرض میں مبتلا تھے اورصاحب فراش ہوگئے تھے لیکن اس عالم میں...

سرکاری عہدید اران کی تقررری، نگرانی اور محاسبہ عہد خلفائے راشدین کے تناظر میں

The period of the rightly guided caliphate is the best role model after the time of the Prophet of Islām, Muḥammad (S. A. W). The rightly guided caliphs crafted the best honest governing mechanism. They understood their commitment with their Lord, Allāh, and the people. They took up the responsibility for providing for the basic needs of their people, like food, shelter, education, peace, stipends of children, married and unmarried persons, social security and justice, etc. The caliphs would appoint the tax collectors, governors and other government officials on the basis of merit: their honesty, qualifications, experience, physical fitness, etc. Further, they, at the time of their appointment, would advise their officials in an open gathering to better use their abilities, resources and powers for the welfare of the masses. Moreover, the government prepared a list of the assets and the properties of their government officials at the time of their appointments. It they found, later, significant increase in the assets, it was investigated and asked for an explanation. If the officials failed to justify the means of the increase in their assets, the additional assets and properties were confiscated by government. In this research study, the author highlights the measures adopted by the rightly guided Caliphs to ensure honest conduct of affairs by the appointed officials of the government.

Comparison of Xpert Mtb/Rif With Histology for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Background: Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) continues to be a challenge due to the complexity of the causative organism and the wide array of pathologic features seen in this infection. A number of studies have shown polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EPTB to be a feasible, sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) of which, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has given recommendations. As pertains EPTB, Xpert MTB/RIF may be used in place of conventional tests such as microscopy, histopathology and culture in lymph nodes and other tissues from patients suspected to have EPTB. It has been demonstrated that Xpert MTB/RIF can be used for fresh or frozen tissues specimens with good results. However, the use of formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, a widely available and rich source of clinical material, on the Xpert platform is yet to be described. Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential utility of Xpert MTB/RIF in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from FFPE tissues with histological features suggestive of tuberculosis. We compared Xpert MTB/RIF to histology for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from FFPE tissues. In those cases with a positive Xpert result, we determined the prevalence of rifampicin resistance in EPTB. Methods: Eighty randomly selected archived FFPE tissues exhibiting histological features suggestive of TB (necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, chronic inflammation, necrotizing inflammation and suppurative inflammation) from January 1, though December 31, 2014 were retrieved. All the cases were subjected to microscopic evaluation of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) slides. With prior deparaffinization and lysis, all cases were also subjected to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Only 79 cases were included in the final analysis. This was after exclusion of one case due to an error in the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The outcome measures were proportions of positively identified cases by each test. The data were analysed using chi - square test. Results: Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected 32.9% more cases than microscopy (53.2% versus 20.3%) which was statistically significant, (p= 0.002). None of the cases tested positive for rifampicin resistance. Seven cases however, had an indeterminate rifampicin resistance result. Conclusion: With prior deparaffinization and lysis, FFPE tissues can also be subjected to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. A validation study to determine the clinical utility of this assay for FFPE tissues is recommended.