مولانا ابو الوفاء افغانی
معارف کے قارئین مولانا ابوالوفاء افغانی کے نام سے اور کام سے بخوبی واقف ہیں ان کی پیدائش افغانستان میں ہوئی، لیکن تعلیمی مراحل ہندوستان میں طے ہوئے اور یہاں کے باکمال اساتذہ سے استفادہ کیا، زندگی کا بڑا حصہ حیدرآباد میں گزرا، عرصہ تک مدرسہ نظامیہ میں مدرس رہے، فقہ حنفی سے خاص مناسبت تھی اور امام ابوحنیفہ ان کے تلامذہ اور ائمہ احناف سے بے حد عقیدت تھی، لجنۃ احیاء المعارف العثمانیہ ان کی اس عقیدت کی گواہ ہے، انھوں نے قاضی ابو یوسف امام محمد اور شمس لائمہ سرخسی کی کتابیں ڈھونڈ کر جمع کیں، بڑی دیدہ ریزی کے ساتھ مختلف نسخوں کا مقابلہ کیا، جان کا ہی کے ساتھ ان کی تصحیح کی، حواشی لکھے، انڈکس بنائے اور حسن و خوبی کے ساتھ طباعت کا انتظام کیا، وہ پرانے مدرسوں کے پڑھے ہوئے تھے، لیکن نئے محققین بھی ان کا لوہا مانتے تھے، افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ماہ علم و تحقیق کی یہ شمع خاموش ہوگئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنی رحمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے اور ان کے بیش بہاکاموں کے جاری رکھنے کا انتظام فرمائے۔
(عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۷۵ء)
Seerah is a separate Islamic science from Hadith as their primary sources are different. Although there are some extents where there is over laying between them, but traditionally Seerah has different principles as compared to Hadith. The Scholars of Hadith were very strict in applying their rules whereas the scholars of Seerah were more flexible. The reason is, when academics were dealing with Ahadiths and deducingdivine rulings, they wanted to make sure they were founding the rulings on Ahadiths that were authentic and sound. So that is why they applied very stringent rules to accept Ahadith. However, when it came to Seerah, they were more flexible in their rules, because they study this as history of The Prophet PBUH which does not touch the Sharia rulings. So, we find that writers of Seerah would accept narrations, they would not usually accept if they were dealing with Ahadith. This practice with Seerah narrations was followed by our early scholars. But recently, there is a new movement among some of our researchers that they wanted to apply the rules of Ahadith on Seerah. We do not agree this approach and in this article, we have had a humble effort to compile a set of rules for acceptance of Seerah narrations.
Critical Discourse Analysis of Hillary Clintons Political Discourse Since the tragic incident of 9/11, Pakistan has been considered as a front line state to contribute in America started “war on terror”. Though its immense contributions have not been rewarded by the American government yet it is still making contributions for its own survival in the region. The study being multidisciplinary in nature deals with Hillary Clinton’s political discourse as a coherent whole in which not only structures but also socio-political context has been analyzed to develop the understanding of the factors which make any discourse dominant discourse. Van Dijk’s Socio-cognitive model has been used in the study. The socio-cognitive model of Van Dijk elaborates and critically inquires the underlying prejudiced assumptions and beliefs as conveyed through Hillary’s political discourse. It aims at the explorations of political discourse via political ideologies which are presented by individuals but reflection of ideology of the whole political group. The phenomenon of US versus THEM as given by Van Dijk effectively exposes that how Hillary being a member of the dominant nation presents and serves America’s interests affecting Pakistan’s policies in various ways. Further the analysis at micro(words, phrases and sentences), and macro level(social and political situations) reveals that how does Hillary present America’s interests .But the portrayal of interests is in such a tactful way that Pakistan considers America’s interests for the betterment of Pakistan’s own future being a non dominant nation.