مولانا سید محمد جعفر شاہ پھلواروی
ان کی وفات کے ساتھ مولانا سید محمد شاہ پھلواروی ندوی کی رحلت کی بھی خبر ملی، وہ ہندوستان کے مشہور بزرگ، عالم اور واعظ اور ندوۃ العلماء کے بڑے مربی مولانا شاہ سلیمان پھلوارویؒ کے فرزند ارجمند تھے، ندوہ سے سند حاصل کرکے کپورتھلہ کی جامع مسجد کے امام ہوئے تو اسی امامت سے ان کی شہرت کا آغاز ہوا اور جب پاکستان بنا تو ایک جید عالم ہونے کے علاوہ ایک بلند پایہ اور ممتاز مصنف کی حیثیت سے مشہور ہوئے، بہت دنوں تک لاہور کے ادارہ ثقافت اسلامیہ سے وابستہ رہے، بہت سی کتابوں کے مصنف ہوئے جن میں سے کچھ کے نام یہ ہیں: الدین میر، ریاض السنہ، پیغمبر انسانیت، ازدواجی زندگی کے لئے قانونی تجاویز، مسئلہ تعداد ازدواج، تجدید نسل، اجتہادی مسائل، زیردستوں کی آقائی اور ترجمہ الفخری وغیرہ، قدیم و جدید طرز فکر کے امتزاج کے خواہاں تھے، اس کی تروج کرتے رہے کہ شریعت کو غیرمبتدل نہ سمجھا جائے بلکہ اس میں جو توسع اور تیسر رکھا گیا ہے اسے آج بھی باقی رکھ کر اس سے فائدہ اٹھایا جاسکتا ہے، ان کی بعض تحریروں سے دینی حلقوں میں ہلچل پیدا ہوتی رہی، مگر وہ جہاں پہنچ جاتے اپنی شیریں بیانی سے اپنے ہم نشینوں کو اپنا گرویدہ بنالیتے، اچھے مقرر اور واعظ بھی تھے، کلام پاک کی آیتیں خوش الحانی اور اشعار ترنم سے پڑھ کر بڑی کیفیت پیدا کردیتے، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی تربت پر اپنی رحمتوں اور برکتوں کی بارش فرماتے رہیں، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، پریل ۱۹۸۲ء)
Non-dedicated U turn has a direct effect on road safety, capacity and congestion during the traffic flow. U turn can have significant supremacy on traffic flow and headway. Therefore to study the impact of non-dedicated u turns on traffic is the ultimate requirement of the current time. This is a microscopic traffic study in which the data from a U turn (33°59’48.2"N 71°27’30.2"E) on road leading to Hayatabad and Karkhano in Peshawar is evaluated in terms of headway, speed and flow rate of traffic. Factual data is presented which shows that the average time headway surges when the traffic is interfered by the U turning vehicles. The probability density functions and cumulative density functions fit to the datasets of headway are then evaluated by the techniques of anova analysis to determine which distribution is the most suitable one for the data. Distribution data specific with the interfering U turn was taken in a separate set and evaluated. The result obtained show that the Burr Distribution and Generalized Extreme Value Distribution are the optimum to illustrate the headway data of traffic being interfered by U turning vehicles. This ligitimize the utilization of various time headway distributions of vehicles being interfered by U turning for traffic modeling.
The improved varieties of field crop are although very responsive to the higher inputs but it deplete soil fertility. The Integration of green manuring crops along with inorganic fertilizers in the existing cropping system can help to sustain soil fertility and crop productivity. The main objective of the experiment was to assess the effect of green manuring crops on soil fertility and crop productivity. A two years long field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement using three replications. A combination of crop species (guar and millet) and crop age at green manuring (40,70 and 100 days after sowing, DAS) were allocated to main plots while the combination of plant parts (whole plant and stubbles) used as green manuring and nitrogen levels (0, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) were applied to sub plots. The two years average data showed that as compared to millet, guar as preceding green manuring crop had significantly improved canola growth, seed yield, oil yield and qualitative traits. Furthermore, based on soil tests, the soil N contents in guar sown plots was significantly higher when tested prior to canola sowing and after canola harvest. The data also revealed that soil C contents in guar sown plots after canola harvest was also significantly higher. Canola sown on the guar green manuring plots had delayed flowering as compared to those green manuring of millet sown plots. Whole plants green manuring as compared to stubbles had significantly enhanced canola growth, yield and yield components and qualitative traits. Based on soil test the soil N contents before canola sowing and after canola harvest and soil C contents after canola harvest were significantly higher in guar incorporated plots as compared to millet plots. Plants that were incorporated at the age of 100 DAS had significantly lower canola growth, yield and yield components, seed N and protein contents as compared with 40 and 70 DAS green manuring. However, the soil C contents of 100 DAS were significantly higher than 40 and 70 DAS green manuring. Although the green manuring at the age of 40 DAS had significantly lower leaf area plant-1 and leaf area index of canola, the other attributes of canola due to age of incorporations (40 DAS) were at par with those of green manuring at the age of 70 DAS. Nitrogen application had significantly affected all the parameters except emergence m-2, seed pod-1 and glucosinolates content. Increasing N level from 0 to 100 kg ha-1 had significantly enhanced growth, yield and yield components and qualitative traits of canola. Nitrogen application at the rate of 75 kg N ha-1 had significantly delayed maturity, having taller plants, more branches plant-1, harvest index, oil yield, and seed protein content as compared with 100 kg N ha-1. Significant Improvement in yield and yield xiii components, quality of canola having taller plants with delayed flowering and maturity were recorded in second year of the experiment as compared with first year. Data on the interaction effect showed significant increase in seed and oil yield of canola with the increase in N levels in both guar and millet sown as preceding green manuring crops irrespective of their age of incorporation. Guar as a green manuring crop had significantly improved yield and quality of canola as compared with millet crop, whole plant green manuring of the crop species at 40 DAS had enhanced seed, oil yield and quality traits followed by 70 DAS. Application of 100 kg N ha-1 along with the green mannuring management had significantly increased all the parameters except oil contents of canola. Data on economic returns showed that guar at 40 DAS incorporation along with 100 kg N ha-1 gave maximum value cost ratio. Our study indicated that green manuring provides an opportunity to improve quantitative and qualitative yield of canola in addition to improving soil health without disturbing the existing cropping system. Hence, it is concluded that green manuring preferably legumes incorporation as whole plant up to the age of 40-70 DAS coupled with 100 kg N ha-1 is recommended for enhancing overall productivity and net economic returns of canola in agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan and areas alike.