صحیح مسلم کے تراجم ابواب کا صحیح بخاری کے تراجم ابواب سے اخذ و استفادہ

A review and comparative analysis of the intellectual pursuit,  methods, approaches and publications of Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim In his compilations of hadith, Imam Bukhari was considerate of the view point (or school of thought) of his prior narrators/authors of hadith collections and in doing so, he validated and embellished their (past narrators) publications. Similarly, narrators after Imam Bukhari benefited from his intellectual vigour, as evident in the work of Imam Muslim,  who as Imam Bukhari’s student profited from his work, and compiled a treasure of validated hadiths. This body of work had deep influence on the contemporary and upcoming authors and collectors of hadith, as a source of religious knowledge. Since,  Imam Muslim didn’t/couldn’t perform the compilation/ Codification / arrangement of his collected hadith, which was later on performed by Imam Novi, who was intellectually and academically influenced by the Imam Bukhari’s publications – hence, a great deal of semblance is evident in both the authors (Imam Bukhari and Muslim) publications. This is especially visible in certain aspects such as prescribing translation chapters (tarjumatul-baab) with the Quranic verses and hadith scripts. Similarly, Codification chapters for explanatory (questioning) notions is also common method practiced in both the author’s work. However, on the other hand, the publication of both the author’s differ in certain dimensions as well. For example, Imam Bukhari’s publications incorporates a complexity of thought, legalistic determination (Fiqh) and collective scholarly wisdom (ijtihad). Whereas, Imam Muslim’s work pursues a relatively simplistic and comprehensible format. In this article, we seek to review and present a comparative analysis of the intellectual pursuit, approach and publications of both the aforementioned authors.

Epidynamics and Molecular Characterization of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly fatal and economically devastating disease of sheep and goats. Present study was designed to have an insight into the molecular epidemiology of PPR in the country and to investigate the persistence and transmission of PPR virus using molecular tools under field conditions. A total of eighty-four PPR outbreaks were investigated during the course of this study (2010 to 2013). The highest number of outbreaks was reported from Punjab province followed by Sindh and KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkha). Overall, disease affected all three age groups of sheep and goats but the younger animals were more severely affected with a morbidity rate of 37.19%. The mortality and case fatality rates were also higher in young which were 46.86% and 17.39%, respectively. The results of the phylogenetic trees indicated that all Pakistani PPRV strains, regardless of the gene used either F or N, were clustered in lineage IV which is the most prominent and prevalent lineage of Asia. A total of 19575 serum samples from sheep and goats from all the provinces/ regions of the country) were included in this study to determine the sero-epidemiology of PPRV in Pakistan. Province-wise laboratory results are summarized in table 4.10. In total, it gave a 27.53 percent of the samples were positive for PPR antibodies. To understand the persistence and transmission dynamics of PPRV, one field outbreak was extensively investigated. PPR viral antigen was detected in fecal matter for one month following vaccination. In contrast the unvaccinated animals shed virus antigen in fecal material for up to two months following outbreak resolution. In conclusion, study is indicative of PPR endemic state in the country and the role of disease persistence, production systems of small ruminants as well as animal movements are key factors in the disease transmission and its endemicity.