النظرية الدينية لفکر الإرهاب الدولي في ضوء السيرة النبوية

It is an undoubted fact that terrorism has nothing to do with Islam. All teachings of the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) are contrary to any kind of extremism, radicalization and terrorism. Although the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) and his Companions faced injustice, persecution and terrorism directly by the disbelievers of Mecca and were forced to leave their homeland, yet, they always treated very peacefully and never demonstrated any kind of extremism. When the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) established the first state of Islam in Medina, it faced many atrocities and conspiracies by its enemies, but Muslims never chose the path of injustice and terrorism even against its worst enemies. Muslims always preferred peace treaties and covenants with everyone, so that people can live peacefully. The life of the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) is a practical model of moderation, integration and harmony. In this article, we will shed light on the religious view of international terrorism in the light of the Prophet’s biography. Starting with the detailed definition of terrorism, we will discuss this word from a political perspective also. Then we will move towards the international scenario and would point out that how some countries are committing the phenomenon of terrorism to achieve their goals. In the end, we will give some examples from the Prophet’s biography to address the phenomenon of terrorism, extremism, and to establish the atmosphere of tolerance and harmony. We will also discuss that how Islamic state faced international terrorism by Meccans and some tribes, and how Muslims countered it in a peaceful way. Then we will discuss that terrorism has nothing to do with Islam, nor with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him). Those who use the name of Islam to spread extremism and terrorism, have nothing to do with Islam. Islam does not allow anyone to commit any kind of terrorism. Some Qur’anic rulings will also be presented to highlight the promotion of virtue and the prevention of vice, and the political and democratic struggle against injustice and oppression

System Based Visiting Teachers Programme: Major Processes and Their Outcomes

Teacher education has traversed a long distance from off-site courses to school-based courses. All these courses were designed to develop teachers professionally, however, the approaches were different. The current trend of teacher education supports school-based professional development to a great extent. The System-Based Visiting Teachers Programme (SBVTP) was introduced by AKU-IED, as a variation of school-based teacher education programmes, to help teachers, to improve upon their classroom teaching practice. The study sets out to understand the major processes of SBVTP in which the visiting teachers (VTs) were engaged in during the programme, and their outcomes in terms of a change in VTs' beliefs and attitudes about teaching and learning. In this study four visiting teachers participated and shared their views about the different aspects of teaching and learning. The study was conducted in the qualitative paradigm. The data collection methods were document analysis; observations, interviews, and stimulation recall interviews with some informal talk with the research participants. The key findings of the study indicate that SBVTP was successful in bringing about a change in VTs' thinking about teaching and learning. However, there is no significant change in their practices mainly due to time constraints caused by their routine teaching responsibilities. In addition to these key findings, the study has also discovered some important contextual concerns that seem to inhibit the teachers in changing their practices. The study could help in understanding the factors, which facilitate bringing about change in VTs' practices.