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حافظ محمد اقبال بن میاں غلام محمد بن میاں نادر علی ماندری بن میاں جندوڈا بن بابا بڈھن قوم آرائیں یہاں تک تو صحیح صحت کے ساتھ ہم نے اپنے بزرگوں سے سنا ہے اور سکونت کے لحاظ سے بھی ہمارا علاقہ یہی ہے ۔ 1890ء کے ریونیو ریکارڈ کے مطابق مشہور دربار عالیہ توگیرہ شریف کے اطراف میں موضع موسیٰ بھوتہ میں ساڑھے نو مربع زر خرید رقبہ تھا جس کو چھوڑ چھاڑ کر بزرگ گائیں لے کر ریاست بیکا نیر چلے گئے ۔ کئی سالوں کے بعد جب واپس آئے تو رقبہ ضبط ہوکر بھوتہ قوم کے کسی فرد کو منتقل ہوگیا تھا ۔ اس وقت یہ قانون تھا کہ تین سال تک جو واجبات ادا نہ کرتا رقبہ بحق گورنمنٹ ضبط ہوجاتا اور قانونی چارہ جوئی کی تاریخ بھی گزر گئی تھی ۔ یوں رقبہ تو گیا مگر ان کی عزت وقار برقرار رہا ۔ آپس میں بھائیوں کا اتفاق تھا اور غریب و مظلوم کی مدد اور اپنے اچھے اخلاقی اصولوں کی وجہ سے وہ لوگوںکے دلوں پرراج کرتے تھے ۔ کسی زمیندار کے ڈیرے پر حاضری نہ دیتے ، آزاد مرضی کے لوگ تھے ۔ جہاں کہیں بھی ان کا تذکرہ ہوتا تو لوگ ان کے خلاف بات کرنے سے گریز کرتے ۔ علاقے میں ان کا ایک نام تھا وہ اس دنیا سے چل بسے اور ان کے اچھے اصول بھی رفتہ رفتہ ختم ہوگئے ۔
راقم الحروف کی پیدائش کا حتمی سال معلوم نہیں البتہ شناختی کارڈ کے مطابق راقم ستمبر ۲۰۲۴ میں محکمہ قانون سے ریٹائرڈ ہونے جارہا ہے۔راقم کی جائے پیدائش چاہ بوٹے والا ہے جو کہ بہاول نگر چک ماتراں سے مغرب کی طرف دو کلو میٹر کے فاصلے پر واقع ہے ۔ راقم نے جونہی ہوش سنبھالی والد صاحب ہیڈ جالوالہ اپنے رقبہ...
Background Patients seeking emergency department (ED) care for non-acute conditions are a major contributor to ED overcrowding, which results in longer wait times. Method This was a cross-sectional study, conducted using an online survey among the Saudi population to assess their awareness about primary healthcare clinics (PHCCs) and urgent care clinics (UCCs), their role, and their scope of practice. Results A total of 565 participants were included in this study. Most of the respondents (81.1%) reported lengthy waiting times in the ED. Moreover, most (81.6%) stated that they had never visited a family doctor, yet they (92.6%) favoured having one for follow-up care. Close to half of the participants (50.3%) reported attending PHCCs without an appointment, and the majority of them (69.2%) said that PHCCs were overcrowded. Finally, most participants (92.4%) had not heard aboutUCCs. Conclusion ED overcrowding and prolonged waiting times remain a public concern. PHCCs and UCCs are underutilised, and this is attributed to the lack of awareness about their scope and their services.
Elastomeric sponge and auxetic materials have unique characteristics which distinguish them from other solid materials like metals and ceramics. Such engineering materials with unique performance are a continuous requisite so as to assist the evolution for advance engineering applications. Auxetic materials (materials with negative Poisson’s ratio) have a unique feature of getting fatter when pulled and contract transversely when compressed, longitudinally. They are mainly used for their improved indentation resistance, higher fracture toughness, better thermal shock resistance, and good acoustic damping. Twenty diverse compositions were developed with various reinforcements’ incorporation such as carbon black nano particles etc., varying blending ratios of natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). Sponge and auxetic structures were developed during vulcanization a hot isostatic biaxial hydraulic press by volumetric compression and cooling under pressure. The reinforcements were impregnated into the elastomeric matrices using internal dispersion kneader and two-rolls mixing mill. Seven types of mold geometries were designed and used as per ASTM standards to fabricate nanocomposites using a hot press in order to evaluate the elastomeric composites for rheological, mechanical, structural, vulcanization, compressive strain, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and impact energy absorption applications. Mechanical characteristics were executed using Universal Testing Machine (UTM), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMTA) and rubber hardness tester. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS were used to evaluate sponge and auxetic structures. The synthesized auxetic materials verified by scanning electron images and Poisson’s ratio determined by processing images using ‘Matlab’ software. With the advances in the fabrication and synthesis of a wider range of these thrilling materials, there is enormous potential for applications in industrial and commercial sectors. Among the various rubber systems investigated EPDM based elastomeric composites proved to be the best for development of auxetic structures. Hardness of the EPDM sponge composite with 20% incorporation of carbon black nano fillers enhanced up to 112%. EPDM with the addition of 20% carbon black attained tensile strength 142%, compared to EPDM without reinforcement; this nanocomposite also showed a 20% reduction in impact energy absorption. EPDM-30%NR reinforced with 20% carbon black showed a minimum reduction of 33% in storage modulus indicating good retention of elasticity. Maximum enhancement of 400% loss modulus was obtained in case of EPDM-30%SBR reinforced with 20% carbon black. Rheological bahaviour such as loss tangent during vulcanization enhanced up to 130%, 300%, 85%, 11% by incorporation of 30% carbon black, 30% NBR, 30% NR, and 30 % SBR.