محدثين كے ہاں قراء ثلاثہ كا مقام و مرتبہ اور علم حديث ميں ان كى خدمات

Allah Himself has taken the responsibility to protect the Holy Quran and the Hadith of the Holy Prophet. He Himself has provided the sources of their protection. One of the means of the protection that was the creation of such a group of the Qura who not only served the Holy Quran but also provided worth mentioning services in Ahadith of the Holy Prophet. But their services are hidden from us. By Qura the researcher means those Qura whose recitation styles and narrations are studied and taught in the different quarters of the world who are known as Qura Saba & Ashra (سبعہ وعشرہ). They are ten imams each with two Ravi’s. They are thirty Qura in total. I have selected only last three Imam & their two narrators in this Article. These Qurra are known as Qurra Thlathah (قراء ثلاثہ).  The services of these imams have been highlighted in the light of the following eleven Ahadith books. Sihah:   Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sahih Ibn-e-Habban, Sahih Ibn-e-Khuzeema. Sunan: Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasai, Sunan Ibn Majah, and Sunan al-Kubra. Masaneed: Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad Abu Ya`la al-Mawsili. How many people have reported them and what is the standard of the weakness and soundness of those narrators have also been discussed in this article. Besides these books of Ahadith, these Ahadith have been searched in other books of Ahadith also. The status of these Qura has been explained in the light of the commentary of Muhadithin. Whether Ahadith critics have declared them thiqa or weak or have declared them as average sadooq. The most important thing is that there is no one weak reporter in these imam qura. Two out of three imam qura are ranked as thiqa and one sadooq. And among the narrators of these qura one is thiqa, one sadooq, and nobody are weak reporters. There is silence about the remaining four reporters of these qura. The reason is that there is no hadith reported from them. Because of all this their religious and scholarly authenticity could be determined. The narrations of these thalathah (ثلاثہ) Qura are confined to reporting the Holy Quran but they have also reported about every part of fiqh and they have been utilized and refered to  

Psychopathology, Cognitive and Adjustment Problems in Women Burn Survivors

The objective of the present study is two folds. The first purpose of the study was the development and validation of scale of adjustment for adults in the national language of Pakistan i.e. Urdu and to estimate its reliability and validity. The second purpose of this research was to investigate the psychopathology, cognitive and adjustment problems in women burn survivors. In the first phase of this study, Scale of Adjustment for Adults (SAA) was developed and validated into Urdu language. In this process after the stages of item pool generation and expert evaluation the significance of the items was assessed in a sample of 100 adults’ age above 19 years in the pilot study. The results of correlation in the test retest administration of the pilot study retained 84 items. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the criteria of Adjustment disorder with specifiers of depression, anxiety and conduct disturbance and Aaron Beck model that include cognitive, behavioral and physiological reactions of individuals. The CFI value was .90 with the p-value of .00 that is less than .05. The results indicated a significant model fit with appropriate model fit indices. The SAA demonstrated high reliability (.938) at .01 level of significance. To estimate the convergent validity of the Scale of Adjustment for Adults (SAA) 93 adults selected from the city of Gujrat, Pakistan by using the convenient sampling technique. The convergent validity of the SAA was demonstrated via significant correlation (.626 at the 0.01 alpha level) with screening scale for adjustment disorders: Short form (Boer, Bachem & Maercker, 2014). The divergent validity of the SAA demonstrated no correlation (.058 at the 0.01 alpha level) with Coping Styles Scale in Urdu version developed in Pakistan (Zaman, 2015).The indigenous scale of SAA has found to be a reliable, valid and worth using instrument to assess adjustment of adult. In the second phase of study, research was conducted to explore the psychopathology, cognitive and adjustment problems in women burn survivors. The women burn survivors were assessed. To evaluate the predictive relationship of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), cognitive and adjustment problems 200 women burn survivors age above 19 years were examined. The following standardized tools were used for data collection as abbreviated Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Checklist Civilian Version in Urdu (Lang et al., 2012), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Urdu version (Evans & Raiz, 2010) and Scale of Adjustment for Adults developed in the study. The linear regression analysis was applied to analyze hypotheses which indicate PTSD would be a significant predictor of cognitive problems, sub domains of cognitive problems, adjustment problems and sub domains of adjustment problems in women burn survivors’ age above19 years. Results reflected a significant predictive relationship of PTSD with cognitive problems [R²=.206; F (1, 198) = 51.213, p<.01], with Visuospatial and executive functioning [R²=.107 F (1, 198) = 23.780, p<.01], with naming [R²=.089 F (1, 198) = 19.426, p<.01], with attention [R²=.087 F (1, 198) = 18.797, p<.01], with language [R²=.039 F (1, 198) = 8.101, p<.05], with abstraction [R²=.066 F (1, 198) = 14.041, p<.01], with delayed recall [R²=.112 F (1, 198) = 24.959, p<.01], and with orientation [R²=.080 F (1, 198) = 17.256, p<.01]. Results also reflected significant predictive relationship of PTSD with overall adjustment problems [R²=.437; F (1, 198) = 177.589, p<.01], with depression [R²=.377 F (1, 198) = 119.731, p<.01], with anxiety [R²=.402 F (1, 198) = 133.235, p<.01], and with conduct disturbance [R²=.306 F (1, 198) = 87.145, p<.01]. These findings may have implication in the future intervention and prevention procedure for women burn survivors with PTSD symptoms and related cognitive and adjustment problems.