شادی سے متعلق روایات
(۱) طبرانی نے عبداللہؓ بن عباسؓ سے روایت کی کہ حضرت خدیجہؓ کے والد آنحضرت ﷺ کے ساتھ نکاح کرنا نہیں چاہتے تھے حضرت خدیجہؓ نے کھانا پکایا اور اپنے باپ اور قریش کے چند لوگوں کو بلایا۔ سب لوگوں نے کھانا کھایا اور شراب پی یہاں تک کہ خویلد کو نشہ چڑھ گیا اس وقت خدیجہؓ نے اپنے باپ سے کہا ! میری شادی آنحضرت ﷺسے کر دیں چنانچہ ان کی شادی آنحضرت ﷺ سے کر دی خدیجہؓ نے اپنے باپ کو خلوق لگائی اور انہیں نیا جوڑا پہنایا ۔ اس وقت یہ رواج تھا چنانچہ جب باپ کا نشہ اترا تو اس نے نیاجوڑا اور خلوق لگی دیکھی تو دریافت کیا کہ میرا یہ حال کیسا ہے ؟ خدیجہ نے کہا کہ میری شادی محمدؐ بن عبداللہؓ سے ہو گئی ہے ‘ باپ نے کہا ! میں ایک یتیم سے تمھاری شادی نہیں کروں گا ‘ اللہ کی قسم ایسا ہرگز نہیں ہو گا ۔ خدیجہ نے اپنے باپ سے کہا کہ آپ قریش کے سامنے یہ کہیں گے کہ میں نشہ میں تھا اور میں نے اپنی بیٹی کی شادی کر دی ۔ چنانچہ خدیجہؓ کے باپ نے جب یہ بات سنی تو راضی ہو گئے ۔ (سیرت خدیجۃ الکبری ٰ از محمد حسیب القادری ۔۲۷۔۲۶)
(۲) ایک اور روایت : حضرت عمار ؓبن یاسر فرماتے ہیں ‘ میں سب سے زیادہ جانتا ہوں ‘ حضورﷺ کے خدیجہؓ سے بیان کے بارے میں کیونکہ میں حضور کا ہم عمر تھا اور میں آپ کا دوست اور پیارا تھا ۔ میں رسول اللہ ﷺ کے ساتھ ایک دن باہر نکلا اور ہم بازار حزورہ میں پہنچ گئے ۔ ہمارا گزر سیدہ خدؓیجہ کی بہن کے پاس سے ہوا ‘ وہ ایک بچھونے پر بیٹھی تھی جس کو وہ فروخت کرنا...
Chronic hepatitis C is a major health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. It is the most common chronic blood borne infection leading to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the treatment used for hepatitis C is interferon therapy which can lead to thyroid dysfunction i.e. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. OBJECTIVE: “To assess the frequency of hypothyroidism in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with standard interferon therapy”. METHODS: Thisdescriptive case series study was carried out at Outpatient Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore for 06 months from July to December 2014. After ethical approval of the study, 200 patients of ages 15 to 65 years with both genders having chronic hepatitis C on Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)& normal thyroid functionstest were taken by Non-probability, purposive sampling technique. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone level (TSH) was sent of all patients to Centre for Nuclear Medicine (CENUM), Mayo Hospital Lahore before and after the completion of three months of interferontherapy and hypothyroidism was considered as TSH>4.0 mIU/L (normal range: 0.2-4.0 mIU/L). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 36.29 + 8.5 years. Out of total 200 patients, 123 (61.5%) were male and 77 (38.5%) were female. At baselines mean TSH of the patients was 3.16 + 2.57 mIU/L. After 3 months of therapy 163 patients (81.5%) were euthyroid and 37 patients (18.5%) were having thyroid dysfunction. Among patients with thyroid dysfunction 29 (14.5% of total patients) were hypothyroid. Among hypothyroid patients, according to gender distribution 8 (27.6%) patients were male and 21 (72.4%) patients were female. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.0003). CONCLUSION: It is concluded from this study that there is significant frequency of hypothyroidism in patients of chronic hepatitis C treated with standard interferon therapy and females are at more risk of developing thyroid dysfunction particularly hypothyroidism after standard interferon therapy.
This study set out to explore the principal's role in creating conditions for teachers to undertake leadership roles. Traditionally, school principals keep all the important tasks to themselves and do not trust teachers for their leadership capabilities. Proponents of teacher leadership highlight that teachers can enact leadership roles within and beyond their classrooms. The study argues that teachers can perform leadership roles if the supportive conditions are made available to them. Within the qualitative research paradigm, case study research method was employed as a viable research methodology. Data collection was done over a period of six weeks through in-depth interviews with the principal and selected teachers. Data was also collected through observation of principal's involvement in school routine activities and pattern of work in the office. Smaller group meetings were also observed. Additionally, documents were also analyzed. The findings of the study suggest that the principal's strategic leadership approach has been significant in creating administrative, academic and professional conditions within which teachers are enacting leadership roles according to their expertise. By creating multiple leadership roles in each dimension, the principal has been able to provide leadership opportunities to all the teachers. The principal's role as a monitor, a supporter and a trust builder has helped him to ensure the effective enactment of leadership roles by the teachers. The study is distinctive in its nature, because it investigated an area that is not researched enough in developing countries like Pakistan. Principals of schools can raise the morale and status of teachers by trusting them as capable individuals for performing leadership roles. The conclusions of the study suggest that school principals can accomplish diverse tasks through the involvement of teachers as credible leaders in their own capacities and expertise. The bottom line in the accomplishment of tasks and enactment of leadership roles effectively and efficiently is recognizing and trusting teachers as capable individuals.