ایمان لانے کے بعد انسان پر سب سے پہلے عبادت کا ادا کرنا لازم ہے ہر مذہب میں عبادت کا ایک خاص طریقہ ہوتا ہے جو مخصوص طریقے کے ساتھ ادائیگی کا حکم دیا جاتا ہے اسی طرح اسلام میں بھی نماز، روزہ، حج اور زكوة عبادات کی مختلف طرق ہیں اصل عبادت کی غایت یہ ہے کہ معبود صرف اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ ہی کو ماننا ، صرف اسی کی عبادت کرنا ہر چیز میں اسی سے مدد طلب کرنا اسی کو حاجت روا اور مشکل کشا سمجھنا اسی کو مالک، خالق اور رب تسلیم کرنا اسی سے التجاء کرنا، ہر چیز کے لئے اسی کو پکارنا اور یہ یقین رکھنا کہ اللہ کے سوا کسی کے دائرہ اختیار میں کوئی چیز نہیں ہے اگر وہ نفع پہنچانا چاہے تو اسے کوئی روکنے والا نہیں ہے اور اگر ضرر پہنچائے تو اس کو کوئی ہٹانے والا نہیں ہے ہر طرح کی عبادت مثلاً قیام، رکوع، سجدہ صرف اسی کے لئے خاص ہے اور کسی اور کے سامنے جھکنا جائز نہیں۔
انسانوں سے اللہ تعالیٰ نے انکی تخلیق سے پہلے ایک وعدہ لیا تھا جس کا ذکر قرآن مجید میں یوں مذکور ہے:
"اَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ، قَالُوْا بَلٰي، شَہِدْنَا"۔[[1]]
" کیا میں تمہارا رب نہیں ہوں؟ اس وقت سب نے یہ کہا کیوں نہیں اے ہمارے رب!"۔
سب نے اس وقت اللہ کی ربوبیت کا اقرار کیا تھا گویا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی ربوبیت کا اقرار و اعتراف انسانوں کی فطرت میں داخل اور انکے وجدان میں شامل ہے۔
اللہ تعالیٰ کی ربوبیت کا مطلب اور اس کا تقاضا کیا ہے ؟اسکے جواب کے بارے میں بشیر احمد لودھی یوں رقمطراز ہیں:
" انسان ازخود پیدا نہیں...
This article covers the poetic and research services of Sufi poet Sain Muhammad Rafique Ranjha from Hamza Ghous Sialkot. He is a Punjabi "Sofi "poet and a compiler. In this article, I have already mentioned his own poetry collection and life. In his own book, he has used a dozen genres of poetry. This Sufi poet, who is experimenting with new and old genres, but “Rubai” is his favorite genre. The first book "Warasat-e- Faqr" by Sain Muhammad Rafique Ranja consists of 418 pages which has been composed. While the second book “Suchay Moti” is by the famous Punjabi poet of Gujarat Baba Ji Qasoor Mand which has 290 pages. It is published in 2017. Both books contain mystical poetry. Along with the books, brief information about the lives of the authors is also given.
The actual dose delivery in radiotherapy is of prime importance, which can only be achieved by using an accurate dosimeter. This work reflects the fabrication of three types of dosimeters that can be applied in radiation dose measurement during radiotherapy and other areas of radiation measurements. LiF is a special material, which when doped with some activators produces a single crystal that acts as a highly sensitive nanophosphor. These nanophosphors have several applications, such as, color center laser, integrated optics and radiation dosimetry. It is widely used in personal dosimetry because of its low energy dependence, tissue equivalency, stability and sensitivity. In this work, we have locally fabricated monocrystalline cubes of LiF doped with Mg, Ti, Dy3+ and Eu3+ by simple chemical coprecipitation method. These dosimeters were annealed at two unique temperatures i.e. at 400ºC and at 600ºC. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and FESEM, EDX, FTIR for structural and morphological studies. XRD showed the phase of LiF and crystallite size was found around 30 nm. SEM studied the surface morphology of the samples as cubic, while EDX indicated the chemical composition of the nanophosphor. FE-SEM was employed to see the grain and grain boundaries more clearly. Furthermore, FTIR spectra were recorded in order to see the different molecular species and functional groups in these nanophosphors. The spectra revealed the presence of hydroxyl group (–O–H) of the metal hydroxide such as Mg (OH)2, stretching vibrations of rare-earth cations (Dy3+ and Eu3+) and metals oxides, Li-O and Mg-O. To study the PL properties of the two dosimeters (LiF: Mg, Dy3+ and LiF: Eu3+), PL spectroscopy was performed, which confirmed the emission spectra in the visible region of 685 nm for Dy3+and 610 nm for Eu3+. Both emissions occurred in the red portion of electromagnetic spectrum. Finally, the core property of these dosimeters i.e. the TL property was studied from their glow curves. All the obligatory parameters for these dosimeters were carried out; for example, dose sensitivity, dose linearity response, dose fading, dose rate dependency, angle dependency, and energy dependency. The fabricated TLDs and commercially available TLDs were compared both in sensitivity and glow curve peak temperatures. The glow peak temperature was 285 °C to 290 °C while the sensitivity of the fabricated TLDs was about 8 times less than that of commercial ones to lower doses and vice versa. In-vivo dosimetry was performed using Rando-phantom in 5 common radiotherapy treatment sights having Organ at Risk. The OARs were shielded with customized blocks. The shielded OAR dose and the in-field target doses were measured, using the TL dosimeters (LiF: Mg, Ti). The measured dose and the Treatment Planning System (eclipse point dose version) results were compared and both were found well correlated in open areas, and shielded regions.