اسلام کا تصور تعلیم و تربیت

Education has been considered of primary importance in human life. Religion and education are interrelated. A civilized society requires educational revolution in behavior of human beings. Education creates awareness about the human goals and real aim of life. This activity makes it possible to train the people in the right direction. Better education coupled with proper training makes a human being well-mannered and enables him to use his hidden qualities for the benefit of mankind, thus making him a beneficial not only for himself but also for the society. The preaching of religion depends upon the education and training. Our holy Prophet ﷺ was an ideal educationist not only of his time but also for the future generations. The Holy Prophet ﷺ being a great educationist and reformer initiated the University of Suffa in Medina when the Islamic society was in its infancy. Prophet ﷺ described the conditions, pattern and qualities of a teacher. A good teacher must be interpreted as good practitioner as well. The article deals with the moral qualities of a teacher and educationist in the light of teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The discussion has made clear the aim of Islamic education which is not limited within the domain of worship or prayers. Islam is a complete code of life which emphasizes the training of human being through education.

Some Aspects of Modified Gauss Bonnet Gravity

This thesis deals with some cosmic aspects in the context of modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Firstly, we explore static spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in galactic halo region as well as using conformal Killing vectors technique. The effective energymomentum tensor leads to the violation of energy conditions while normal matter satisfies these conditions. We use Navarro-Frenk-White energy density profile to examine possible existence of traversable wormholes in galactic halo region. We find physically acceptable wormhole solutions threaded by normal matter for all values of r. We also investigate stability of the resulting wormhole solutions. For conformally symmetric traversable wormholes, it is found that all shape functions satisfy flaringout condition except phantom case with non-static conformal symmetry. Secondly, we study the dynamics of self-gravitating objects for spherical and axial systems. We construct structure scalars through orthogonal splitting of the Riemann tensor and deduce a complete set of equations governing the evolution of dissipative anisotropic fluid in terms of these scalars. In spherically symmetric system, we investigate some particular fluid models according to various dynamical conditions and find that our results are consistent with general relativity for constant f(G) model. Any other choice of the model leads to irregular distribution of dark energy and deviates from general relativity. We also explore different causes of density inhomogeneity which turns out to be a necessary condition in the presence of dark sources. In axially symmetric system with shear, it is found that dark sources affect thermodynamics of the system, evolution of kinematical quantities as well as density inhomogeneity. For the shear-free case, we study both non-geodesic as well as geodesicfluids with and without dissipation. The non-geodesic (non-dissipative) fluid gives inhomogeneous expansion while geodesic fluid leads the system either to vorticityfree or expansion-free. The vorticity-free non-dissipative geodesic fluid reduces the axial system to FRW model with homogeneous distribution of dark sources while expansion-free geodesic fluid does not exist even in the presence of dark sources.